Evaluation of Antidiabetic Effects of Watermelon Rind Extract: Integrative Computational Simulations and In Vitro Studies
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, requiring the development of alternative therapies to improve glycemic control. Watermelon rind (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum), usually discarded as waste, contains various bioactive compounds potentially having anti-diabetic benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of watermelon rind extract through a comprehensive approach, including secondary metabolite content profiling, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, total flavonoid content determination, molecular docking assay, and in vitro enzyme inhibition assay targeting α-glucosidase. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of major secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic acids. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups typical of these bioactive compounds, including hydroxyl, carbonyl, and aromatic groups.
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