Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral and Anticancer Potentials of Zingiberaceae Species Used as Herbal Medicine in Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The Zingiberaceae family comprises 50 genera and 1300 species in South and Southeast Asia. Indonesia is one of the countries that have the greatest diversity of plant species from the Zingiberaceae family. This research aims to do phytochemical screening and bioassay of extracts of nine ginger species (Z. officinale var. Rubrum, Z. officinale Roscoe., Z. purpureum, C. longa, C. heyneana, C. purpurascens, C. aeruginosa, C. xanthorrhiza, and B. rotunda) from Indonesia. The dried powder rhizome of each species was extracted by maceration using methanol. The dry methanol extract obtained was tested for phytochemical screening and bioactivities. Phytochemical screening and activity assay were done using established methods. All extracts contained phenolics and flavonoids, with TPC values range 10–11 mg GAE/g. C. longa extract has the highest total flavonoid content (TFC = 1.720 QE/g). Z. officinale Roscoe exhibited the highest antioxidant activity against DPPH (IC50= 233.0 ± 7.9 μg/mL) and ABTS (IC50= 320.2 ± 27.4 μg/mL) radicals. C. xanthorrhiza extract showed the best anti-inflammatory activity with an IC50 value of 1.7 ± 0.0 μg/mL. Meanwhile, Z. officinale var. Rubrum, Z. officinale Roscoe, and B. rotunda exhibited the best cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells with respective IC50 values: 7.3 ± 0.3; 11.9 ± 1.3, 11.1 ± 1.4, and 13.7 ± 0.8 μg/mL. C. longa extract, also exhibited the most potent anti-dengue viral activity (IC50 value of 13.1 ± 0.2 μg/mL). This study’s findings unravel the potential of the Zingiberaceae family as a source of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-dengue agents.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Nugraha AS and Keller PA. Revealing indigenous Indonesian traditional medicine: anti-infective agents. Nat Prod Commun. 2011; 6(12): 1953-1966.
Iqbal E, Salim KA, Lim LB. Phytochemical screening, total phenolics and antioxidant activities of bark and leaf extracts of Goniothalamus velutinus (Airy Shaw) from Brunei Darussalam. J King Saud Univ Sci. 2015; 27(3): 224-232.
Tungmunnithum D, Thongboonyou A, Pholboon A, Yangsabai A. Flavonoids and other phenolic compounds from medicinal plants for pharmaceutical and medical aspects: An overview. Med. 2018; 5(3): 1-16.
Zhang S, Zhang L, Zou H, Qiu L, Zheng Y, Yang D, Wang Y. Effects of light on secondary metabolite biosynthesis in medicinal plants. Front Plant Sci. 2021; 12: 781236.
Twaij BM and Hasan MN. Bioactive secondary metabolites from plant sources: Types, synthesis, and their therapeutic uses. Int J Plant Biol. 2022; 13(1): 4-14.
Swallah MS, Sun H, Affoh R, Fu H, Yu H. Antioxidant potential overviews of secondary metabolites (polyphenols) in fruits. Int J Food Sci. 2020; 1-8.
Chen JJ, Cheng MJ, Lee TH, Kuo YH, Lu CT. Secondary Metabolites with Anti-Inflammatory from the Roots of Cimicifugataiwanensis. Molecules. 2022; 27(5): 1657.
Seca AM and Pinto DC. Plant secondary metabolites as anticancer agents: successes in clinical trials and therapeutic application. Int J Mol Sci. 2018; 19(1): 263.
Heu K, Romoli O, Schönbeck JC, Ajenoe R, Epelboin Y, Kircher V, Houël E, Estevez Y, Gendrin M. The effect of secondary metabolites produced by Serratiamar cescens on Aedes aegypti and its microbiota. Front Microbiol. 2021; 12: 645701.
Liou GY and Storz P. Reactive oxygen species in cancer. Free Radic Res. 2010: 44(5), 479-496.
Fagbami AH and Onoja AB. Dengue haemorrhagic fever: An emerging disease in Nigeria, West Africa. J Infect Public Health. 2018; 11(6): 757-762.
Harapan H, Michie A, Mudatsir M, Sasmono RT, Imrie A. Epidemiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Indonesia: analysis of five decades data from the National Disease Surveillance. BMC Res Notes. 2019; 12: 1-6.
Srisuphanunt M, Puttaruk P, Kooltheat N, Katzenmeier G, Wilairatana P. Prognostic Indicators for the Early Prediction of Severe Dengue Infection: A Retrospective Study in a University Hospital in Thailand. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2022; 7(8): 162.
Teixeira RR, Pereira WL, Oliveira AFCDS, Da Silva AM, De Oliveira AS, Da Silva ML, Da Silva CC, De Paula SO. Natural products as source of potential dengue antivirals. Molecules. 2014; 19(6): 8151-8176.
de Sousa LRF, Wu H, Nebo L, Fernandes JB, Kiefer W, Kanitz M, Bodem J, Diederich WE, Schirmeister T, Vieira PC. Flavonoids as noncompetitive inhibitors of Dengue virus NS2B-NS3 protease: Inhibition kinetics and docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem. 2015; 23(3): 466-470.
Larsen K, Lock JM, Maas H, Maas PJM. Zingiberaceae. Flowering Plants· Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). (1st ed). Springer. 1998; 474-495
Sirirugsa P. Thai Zingiberaceae: Species diversity and their uses. In International Conference on Biodiversity and Bioresources-Conservation and Utilization, Phuket (Thailand), 23-27 Nov. 1997.
Ramachandran K. Chromosome numbers in Zingiberaceae. Cytologia. 1969; 34(2): 213-221.
Yousfi F, Abrigach F, Petrovic JD, Sokovic M, Ramdani M. Phytochemical screening and evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of Zingiber officinale extracts. S Afr J Bot. 2021; 142: 433-440.
Zhang M, Viennois E, Prasad M, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhang Z, Han MK, Xiao B, Xu C, Srinivasan S, Merlin D. Edible ginger-derived nanoparticles: A novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and colitis-associated cancer. Biomater. 2016; 101: 321-340.
Wang Y, Chinnathambi A, Nasif O, Alharbi SA. Green synthesis and chemical characterization of a novel anti-human pancreatic cancer supplement by silver nanoparticles containing Zingiber officinale leaf aqueous extract. Arab J Chem. 2021; 14(4): 103081.
Balasubramanian A, Pilankatta R, Teramoto T, Sajith AM, Nwulia E, Kulkarni A, Padmanabhan R. Inhibition of dengue virus by curcuminoids. Antivir Res. 2019; 162: 71-78.
Nugraha, A. S., Permatasari, A. E. N., Kadarwenny, C. P., Pratoko, D. K., Triatmoko, B., Rosyidi, V. A., Norcahyanti, I., Dewi, I. P., Dianasari, D., & Sary, I. P. Phytochemical screening and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of medicinal plants of Meru Betiri National Park–Indonesia. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 2020. 26(4), 303–314.
Dianasari D, Sary IP, Wangchuk, P. Phytochemical screening and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of medicinal plants of Meru Betiri National park–Indonesia. J Herbs Spices Med Plants. 2020; 26(3): 303-314.
Sembiring EN, Elya B, Sauriasari R. Phytochemical screening, total flavonoid and total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different parts of Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Pharmacogn J. 2018; 10(1) 123–127..
Salazar-Aranda R, Pérez-Lopez LA, Lopez-Arroyo J, Alanís-Garza BA, Waksman de Torres N. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of plants from northeast of Mexico. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med. 2011; 2011: 6
Xiao F, Xu T, Lu B, Liu R. Guidelines for antioxidant assays for food components. Food Front. 2020; 1(1): 60-69.
Helfand SL, Werkmeister JEROME, Roder JC. Chemiluminescence response of human natural killer cells. I. The relationship between target cell binding, chemiluminescence, and cytolysis. J Exp Med. 1982; 156(2): 492-505.
Anwar C, Prasetyo YD, Matsjeh S, Haryadi W, Sholikhah EN, Nendrowati N. Synthesis of chalcone derivatives and their in vitro anticancer test against breast (T47D) and colon (WiDr) cancer cell line. Indones J Chem. 2018; 18(1): 102-107.
Wardana AP, Aminah NS, Fahmi MZ, Kristanti AN, Zahrah HI, Takaya Y, Choudhary MI. Nanoencapsulation of Syzygium polycephalum Extract Using Folate Modified κ-Carrageenan as Vehicles for Pronounced Anticancer Activity. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2020; 4(11): 945-952
Wardana AP, Abdjan MI, Aminah NS, Fahmi MZ, Siswanto I, Kristanti AN, Saputra MA, Takaya Y. 3,4,3’-Tri-O-methylellagic acid as an anticancer agent: in vitro and in silico studies. RSC Adv. 2022; 12: 29884-29891
Aryal S, Baniya MK, Danekhu K, Kunwar P, Gurung R, Koirala N. Total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant potential of wild vegetables from Western Nepal. Plants. 2019; 8(4): 96.
Muflihah YM, Gollavelli G, Ling YC. Correlation study of antioxidant activity with phenolic and flavonoid compounds in 12 Indonesian indigenous herbs. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(10): 1530.
Chumroenphat T, Somboonwatthanakul I, Saensouk S, &Siriamornpun S. The diversity of biologically active compounds in the rhizomes of recently discovered Zingiberaceae plants native to North Eastern Thailand. Pharmacogn J. 2019; 11(5) 1074–1080.
Alam MN, Bristi NJ, &Rafiquzzaman M. Review on in vivo and in vitro methods evaluation of antioxidant activity. Saudi Pharm J. 2013; 21(2): 143-152.
Gülçin I, Küfrevioǧlu Öİ, Oktay M, Büyükokuroǧlu ME. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and analgesic activities of nettle (Urticadioica L.). J Ethnopharmacol. 2004; 90(2-3): 205-215.
Saeed N, Khan MR, Shabbir M. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of whole plant extracts Torilis leptophylla L. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012; 12: 1-12.
Hamzah B and Zubair MS. Traditional usages and phytochemical screenings of selected Zingiberaceae from central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Pharmacogn J. 2019; 11(3).
Pandey BP, Adhikari K, Pradhan SP, Shin HJ, Lee EK, Jung HJ. In-vitro antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities of selected medicinal plants from western Nepal. Future J Pharm Sci. 2020; 6: 1-12.
Jaswir I, Noviendri D, Salleh MT, Taher M, Miyashita K. Isolation of fucoxanthin and fatty Acids Analysis from Padina australis and cytotoxicity effects of fucoxanthin on Human Lung (H1299) cell lines. Afr J Biotechnol. 2011; 10(81): 18855-18862
Clere N, Faure S, Carmen Martinez M, Andriantsitohaina R. Anticancer properties of flavonoids: roles in various stages of carcinogenesis. CardiovascHematol Agents Med Chem. 2011; 9(2): 62-77.
Che Z, Purushotham S, Cho K, Sontag D, Liu Y. Recurrent neural networks for multivariate time series with missing values. Sci Rep. 2018; 8(1): 6085.
Kopustinskiene DM, Jakstas V, Savickas A, Bernatoniene J. Flavonoids as anticancer agents. Nutrients. 2020; 12(2): 1–25.
de Sire A, Agostini F, Lippi L, Mangone M, Marchese S, Cisari C, Bernetti A, Invernizzi M. Oxygen–Ozone therapy in the rehabilitation field: state of the art on mechanisms of action, safety and effectiveness in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Biomolecules. 2021; 11(3), 356.