Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Modulates NF-κB in Porphyromonas gingivalis - Induced Periodontitis
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Periodontitis is a severe bacterial infection that affects soft tissues around teeth. Periodontitis is caused by a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium called Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), which promotes the expression of nuclear factor kappa β (NF-κβ). In recent years, medical herbs such as green tea containing Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) have been employed extensively in anti-inflammatory and antibacterial studies due to their low toxicity and strong efficacy based on their multitarget therapy. The mucoadhesive drug delivery system adheres to the surface of the oral mucosa, providing sustained release, enhancing local effects, bypassing first-pass metabolism, and minimizing systemic side effects. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an EGCG-loaded mucosal gingival patch on periodontitis caused by P. gingivalis. Periodontitis was induced in Wistar rats by administering 0.03 mL containing 1010 (CFU) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) into the incisive gingival sulcus of the mandible of the anterior teeth. The rats with induced periodontitis received the treatment as mucoadhesive gingival patches loaded with EGCG (GP-EGCG), doxycycline (GP-doxy), and blank patches for one hour daily over 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on the anterior inferior gingival sulcus after the treatment. Results showed that the treatment of periodontitis with GP-EGCG significantly lowered NF-κB expression compared to the control groups following treatment during 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days (p < 0.05). EGCG has effectively reduced inflammatory markers in P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis. These findings suggest that the treatment based on EGCG holds promising potential for managing periodontitis, providing an alternative approach to traditional therapies.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Vaou N, Stavropoulou E, Voidarou C, Tsigalou C, Bezirtzoglou E. Towards Advances in Medicinal Plant Antimicrobial Activity: A Review Study on Challenges and Future Perspectives. Microorganisms. 2021;9(10): 2041. doi:10.3390/MICROORGANISMS9102041
Prasanth MI, Sivamaruthi BS, Chaiyasut C, Tencomnao T. A Review of the Role of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) in Antiphotoaging, Stress Resistance, Neuroprotection, and Autophagy. Nutr. 2019;11(2):474. doi:10.3390/NU11020474
Lashari DM, Aljunaid M, Lashari Y, Qaid R, Ridwan RD, Diyatri I, Kaid N, Alkadasi BA. The use of mucoadhesive oral patches containing epigallocatechin-3-gallate to treat periodontitis: an invivo study. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2022;17(6):1014-1020. doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.06.006
Jung IH, Lee DE, Yun JH, Cho AR, Kim CS, You YJ, Kim SJ, Choi SH. Anti-inflammatory effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-stimulated fibroblasts and stem cells derived from human periodontal ligament. J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2012;42(6):185. doi:10.5051/JPIS.2012.42.6.185
Machova Urdzikova L, Ruzicka J, Karova K, Kloudova A, Svobodova B, Amin A, Dubisova J, Schmidt M, Kubinova S, Jhanwar-Uniyal M, Jendelova P. A green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate enhances neuroregeneration after spinal cord injury by altering levels of inflammatory cytokines. Neuropharmacol. 2017;126:213-223. doi:10.1016/J.NEUROPHARM.2017.09.006
Ridwan RD, Yuliati Y, Sidarningsih S, Sholihah FM, Aljunaid M, Lashari DM. A study of the mucoadhesive patches loaded with mangosteen peel extract in periodontitis. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2021;16(6):864-869. doi:10.1016/J.JTUMED.2021.06.011
Aljuanid MA, Qaid HR, Lashari DM, Ridwan RD, Budi HS, Alkadasi BA, Ramadhani Y, Rahmasari R. Nano-emulsion of mangosteen rind extract in a mucoadhesive patch for periodontitis regenerative treatment: An in vivo study. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2022;17(5):910-920. doi:10.1016/J.JTUMED.2022.03.003
Abdulkareem AA, Al-Taweel FB, Al-Sharqi AJB, Gul SS, Sha A, Chapple ILC. Current concepts in the pathogenesis of periodontitis: from symbiosis to dysbiosis. J Oral Microbiol. 2023;15(1). doi:10.1080/20002297.2023.2197779
Budhy TI, Arundina I, Surboyo MDC, Halimah AN. The Effects of Rice Husk Liquid Smoke in Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Periodontitis. Eur J Dent. 2021;15(4):653-659. doi:10.1055/S-0041-1727554
Ghafouri-Fard S, Gholami L, Nazer N, Hussen BM, Shadnoush M, Sayad A, Taheri M. Assessment of expression of NF-κB-related genes in periodontitis. Gene Rep. 2022;26:101454. doi:10.1016/J.GENREP.2021.101454
Barca E, Cifcibasi E, Cintan S. Adjunctive use of antibiotics in periodontal therapy. J Istanb Univ Fac Dent. 2015;49(3):55. doi:10.17096/JIUFD.90144
Lashari DM, Aljunaid MA, Ridwan RD, Diyatri I, Lashari Y, Qaid H, Surboyo MDC. The ability of mucoadhesive gingival patch loaded with EGCG on IL-6 and IL-10 expression in periodontitis. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2022;12(5):679-682. doi:10.1016/J.JOBCR.2022.08.007
Aljuanid MA, Qaid HR, Lashari DM, Ridwan RD, Budi HS, Alkadasi BA, Ramadhani Y, Rahmasari R. Nano-emulsion of mangosteen rind extract in a mucoadhesive patch for periodontitis regenerative treatment: An in vivo study. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2022;17(5):910-920. doi:10.1016/J.JTUMED.2022.03.003.
Al-Awaida W, Goh KW, Al-Ameer HJ, Gushchina YS, Torshin VI, Severin AE, Al Bawareed O, Srour B, Al Farraj J, Hamad I. Assessing the Protective Role of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) against Water-Pipe Smoke-Induced Toxicity: A Comparative Study on Gene Expression and Histopathology. Molecules. 2023;28(22):7502. doi:10.3390/MOLECULES28227502/S1
Saliy O, Popova M, Tarasenko H, Getalo O. Development strategy of novel drug formulations for the delivery of doxycycline in the treatment of wounds of various etiologies. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2024;195:106636. doi:10.1016/J.EJPS.2023.106636
Fan Q, Zhou XH, Wang TF, Zeng FJ, Liu X, Gu Y, Chen B, Yang J, Pang ZY, Liu JG, Bai GH. Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on oxidative stress, inflammation, and bone loss in a rat periodontitis model. J Dent Sci. 2023;18(4):1567-1575. doi:10.1016/J.JDS.2023.02.019
Sharma R, Kumar S, Malviya R, Prajapati BG, Puri D, Limmatvapirat S, Sriamornsak P. Recent advances in biopolymer-based mucoadhesive drug delivery systems for oral application. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2024;91:105227. doi:10.1016/J.JDDST.2023.105227
Saito Y, Mori H, Takasu C, Komatsu M, Hanaoka J, Yamada S, Asanoma M, Ikemoto T, Imura S, Morine Y, Utsunomiya T, Shimada M. Beneficial effects of green tea catechin on massive hepatectomy model in rats. J Gastroenterol. 2014;49(4):692-701. doi:10.1007/S00535-013-0799-9
Hossen I, Kaiqi Z, Hua W, Junsong X, Mingquan H, Yanping C. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibits lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells via modulating nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) signaling pathway. Food Sci Nutr. 2023;11(8):4634. doi:10.1002/FSN3.3427
Chen L, Deng H, Cui H, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao L. Inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases in organs. Oncotarget. 2018;9(6):7204. doi:10.18632/ONCOTARGET.2320817.
Santa-Cecília F V., Socias B, Ouidja MO, Sepulveda-Diaz J E, Acuña L, Silva R L, Michel P P, Del-Bel E, Cunha T M, Raisman-Vozari R. Doxycycline Suppresses Microglial Activation by Inhibiting the p38 MAPK and NF-kB Signaling Pathways. Neurotox Res. 2016;29(4):447-459. doi:10.1007/S12640-015-9592-2
Reygaert WC. An update on the health benefits of green tea. Bev. 2017;3(1). doi:10.3390/BEVERAGES3010006
Arpa MD, Okur NÜ, Gök MK, Özgümüş S, Cevher E. Chitosan-based buccal mucoadhesive patches to enhance the systemic bioavailability of tizanidine. Int J Pharm. 2023;642: 123168. doi:10.1016/J.IJPHARM.2023.123168
Caporali S, De Stefano A, Calabrese C, Giovannelli A, Pieri M, Savini I, Tesauro M, Bernardini S, Minieri M, Terrinoni A. Anti-Inflammatory and Active Biological Properties of the Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds Luteolin and Luteolin 7-Glucoside. Nutr. 2022;14(6). doi:10.3390/NU14061155
Rani N, Singla RK, Narwal S, Tanushree, Kumar N, Mominur Rahman M. Medicinal Plants Used as an Alternative to Treat Gingivitis and Periodontitis. J Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022;2022(1):2327641. doi:10.1155/2022/2327641
Kaur H, Jain S, Kaur A. Comparative evaluation of the antiplaque effectiveness of green tea catechin mouthwash with chlorhexidine gluconate. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2014;18(2):178-182. doi:10.4103/0972-124X.131320
Morin MP, Bedran TBL, Fournier-Larente J, Haas B, Azelmat J, Grenier D. Green tea extract and its major constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibit growth and halitosis-related properties of Solobacterium moorei. BMC Complement Altern Med.
;15(1). doi:10.1186/S12906-015-0557-Z
Sharma P, Chandrashekar BR, Mruthunjaya K, Bhaskar V. Evaluation of the effectiveness of green tea mouth rinse on oral halitosis, tongue coating, and plaque accumulation in comparison with 0.2% chlorhexidine mouth rinse – A double-blind randomized control trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2023;27(3):308. doi:10.4103/JISP.JISP_355_22