Potential Reproductive Toxicity Of Lacatomtom Drink In Male Wistar Rats
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Stimulant consumption among Nigerian youths has emerged as a critical public health concern with fatal concoctions like methylated alcohol with soda and Lacatomtom (LTT) replacing drug abuse. This study investigated the impact of lacatomtom drink on reproductive parameters of male Wistar rats. Twenty- five male Wistar rats weighing 190g were randomly grouped into 5 groups of 5, for the following treatments: Group A: (normal control) 0.5 ml distilled water, Group B: (positive control) 0.5 ml Lacasera, Group C: 125 mg/kg LTT, Group D: 250 mg/kg LTT, Group E: 500 mg/kg LTT, orally daily for 30 days. At end of experiment, the animals were anaesthetized, and sampled: Blood was evaluated for testosterone, sperm count and sperm cell characteristics were analyzed from the caudal epididymis, and testes, processed for histomorphology. Lacatomtom had no significant (p >0.05) effect on sperm count, morphology and viability relative to the control. Significant (p <0.05) increase in sluggish sperms was observed in animals treated with LTT at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg dosages relative to the control. There was a significant (p <0.05) decrease in serum testosterone levels in animals treated with LTT at 125 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg relative to the positive control and a significant increase in the serum testosterone levels of the positive control group relative to the normal control. None of the LTT-treated rats had aberrant testicular histoarchitecture. Lacatomtom may reduce testosterone levels and increase sluggish sperm cells, which might impede sperm's capacity to reach and fertilise the egg, affecting male reproductive function.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Liu YY, Hsiao HT, Wang JC, Liu YC, Wu SN. Parecoxib, a selective blocker of cyclooxygenase-2, directly inhibits neuronal delayed-rectifier K+ current, M-type K+ current and Na+ current. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2019 ;844:95-101.
Hartz I, Skurtveit S, Steffenak AK, Karlstad Ø, Handal M. Psychotropic drug use among 0–17 year olds during 2004–2014: a nationwide prescription database study. BMC psychiatry. 2016;16:1-0.
Zoëga H, Baldursson G, Hrafnkelsson B, Almarsdóttir AB, Valdimarsdóttir U, Halldórsson M. Psychotropic drug use among Icelandic children: a nationwide population-based study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2009;19(6):757–64.
Steffenak AKM, Wilde-Larsson B, Nordström G, Skurtveit S, Hartz I. Increase in psychotropic drug use between 2006 and 2010 among adolescents in Norway: a nationwide prescription database study. Clin Epidemiol. 2012;225–31.
Obadeji A, Kumolalo BF, Oluwole LO, Ajiboye AS, Dada MU, Ebeyi RC. Substance use among adolescent high school students in Nigeria and its relationship with psychosocial factors. J Res Health Sci. 2020;20(2):e00480.
Pennings EJM, Leccese AP, Wolff FA de. Effects of concurrent use of alcohol and cocaine. Addiction. 2002;97(7):773–83.
Zou Q, Huang Y, Cao J, Zhao H, Wang G, Li Y, Pan Q. Effects of four feeding stimulants in high plant‐based diets on feed intake, growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, digestive enzyme activities and appetite‐related genes expression of juvenile GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). Aquacult. Nutr. 2017 ;(5):1076-85.
Adamu H, Ahmad MM, Mudi K, Dakani KM, Bakare AT. Predictors of stimulants use among physicians in a Nigerian tertiary health institution in Sokoto, Northwest Nigeria. J Neurosci Behav Heal. 2018;10(2):9–17.
Clemow DB, Walker DJ. The potential for misuse and abuse of medications in ADHD: a review. Postgrad Med. 2014;126(5):64–81.
Nwala G, Ibeneme C, Ojinnaka N, Ugolee J. Changing trend of psychoactive drug abuse among adolescent students in South Eastern Nigeria. J Drug Abus. 2021; 7:30.
Emmanuel FT, Akor SE, Momoh S, Owemidu IO, Akor SE. Investigation of the Hepatotoxicity of Lacatomtom Drink in Albino Rat. Niger J Biochem Mol Biol. 2022;37(1):26–31.
Kudirat MB, Danraka A, Abdulmujeeb A. The Public Health Consequences of Substandard Medicines in Nigeria: https://doi. org/10.51412/psnnjp. 2022.43. Niger J Pharm. 2022;56(2).
Lorke D. A new approach to practical acute toxicity testing. Arch Toxicol. 1983;54(4):275–87.
Cheesebrough M. District laboratory practice in tropical countries, part 2 second edition CUP. United Kingdom. 2006;149–54.
Nasution MH, Kalanjati VP, Abdurachman A, Aditya D, Pamungkas DB, Syamhadi MR. The Effects of Methotrexate, Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract, and Andrographis paniculata Leaf Extract on the Testes of Hyperglycemic Wistar Rats. Trop. J. Nat. Prod. Res.2023 ;7(6).
Verstegen RHJ, Wang G, Langenberg‐Ververgaert KPS, Ren LY, Nulman I. Paternal exposure to recreational drugs before conception and its effect on live‐born offspring: A scoping review. Birth defects Res. 2020;112(13):970–88.
Hamed MA, Ekundina VO, Akhigbe RE. Psychoactive drugs and male fertility: impacts and mechanisms. Reprod. Biol Endocrinol. 2023 28;21(1):69.
Semet M, Paci M, Saïas‐Magnan J, Metzler‐Guillemain C, Boissier R, Lejeune H, Perrin J. The impact of drugs on male fertility: a review. Andrology. 2017 ;5(4):640-63.
El-Shennawy L, Kamel MAE naby, Khalaf AHY, Yousef MI. Dose-dependent reproductive toxicity of sodium benzoate in male rats: Inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Reprod Toxicol. 2020;98:92–8.
Lennerz BS, Vafai SB, Delaney NF, Clish CB, Deik AA, Pierce KA, Ludwig DS, Mootha VK. Effects of sodium benzoate, a widely used food preservative, on glucose homeostasis and metabolic profiles in humans. Molecular genetics and metabolism. 2015; 1;114(1):73-9.
Ren L, Meng M, Wang P, Xu Z, Eremin SA, Zhao J, Yin Y, Xi R. Determination of sodium benzoate in food products by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Talanta. 2014 :121:136-43.
Khan IS, Dar KB, Ganie SA, Ali MN. Toxicological impact of sodium benzoate on inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and biochemical markers in male Wistar rats. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2022;45(3):1345-54.
Adedokun KI, Oladokun OO, Abraham TF, Osuntokun OS, Atere TG, Baiyewu ST. Ameliorative Potential of Thymoquinone on Male Reproductive Functions in Lead Acetate-Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2023;7(6).
Obinna VC, Kagbo HD, Afieroho OE, Agu GO. Haematological profile of albino rats exposed to polar leaf extracts of Portulaca oleracea Linn. GSC Biol Pharm Sci. 2019 (1):075–85.
McLachlan RI. The endocrine control of spermatogenesis. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2000 ;14(3):345-62.
Walker WH. Testosterone signaling and the regulation of spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis. 2011;1(2):116–20.
Chakraborty A, Singh V, Singh K, Singh R. Testosterone signaling in spermatogenesis, male fertility and infertility. In Molecular Signaling in Spermatogenesis and Male Infertility 2019 (pp. 77-84). CRC Press.
Oduwole OO, Huhtaniemi IT, Misrahi M. The roles of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone in spermatogenesis and folliculogenesis revisited. Int. J. Mol. Sci.. 2021 ;25;22(23):12735.
Ge RS, Li X, Wang Y. Leydig cell and spermatogenesis. Molecular Mechanisms in Spermatogenesis. 2021:111-29
Al-Ani BT, Al-Saadi RR, Wassef HF. Toxic effects of sodium benzoate on the rat testes. Indian J Public Heal Res Dev. 2019;10(10).