Antioxidant Activity and Cardioprotective Potential of a Nanoemulsion Mix of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centella asiatica in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Zebrafish Larvae Model

Husnul Khotimah; Devi M. Arista; Rizki Amelia; Safrina D. Ratnaningrum; Yahya Irwanto

doi:10.26538/tjnpr/v8i7.18

Authors

Husnul Khotimah Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Devi M. Arista Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia.
Rizki Amelia Poltekkes Kemenkes Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia.
Safrina D. Ratnaningrum Department of Anatomy Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
Yahya Irwanto Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v8i7.18

Keywords:

Tyrosine hydroxylase, Sirtuin 1, Superoxide dismutase, Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2a, Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, Gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Hyperglycemia affects approximately 16.7% of pregnancies worldwide, with gestational
diabetes mellitus (GDM) accounting for nearly 84% of these cases. GDM, characterized
by glucose intolerance during pregnancy, presents significant health risks. Rosmarinus
officinalis (RO) and Centella asiatica (CA) are known for their antidiabetic and
antioxidant properties, including the ability to enhance insulin secretion and inhibit
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression in the gluconeogenesis pathway.
This study aims to assess the impact of a nanoemulsion of RO and CA combination (ROCA) on heart rate, superoxide dismutase (SOD), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor
2a (Nrf2a), sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in zebrafish
larvae model of GDM. GDM was induced by exposure of zebrafish embryo to a 3%
glucose solution in an embryonic medium. The GDM phenotype was confirmed by
elevated PEPCK expression as a hyperglycemia marker. GDM zebrafish was administered
RO-CA nanoemulsion at concentrations of 2.5, 5, and 10 µg/mL.from 2 hpf to 72 hpf.
Heart rate was monitored using stereoscopic imaging connected to a camera, while
expression levels of PEPCK, Nrf2a, SOD, SIRT-1, and TH were quantified using reverse
transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results revealed a significant decrease
in PEPCK expression in the treatment groups compared to the glucose untreated group.
Notably, the nanoemulsion maintained heart rate frequency and upregulated Nrf2a, SOD,
SIRT-1, and TH expression, particularly at a concentration of 2.5 µg/mL. Overall, these
findings suggest that the RO-CA nanoemulsion exhibits enhanced antioxidant activity and
holds promise as a potential cardioprotective agent in GDM.

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Antioxidant Activity and Cardioprotective Potential of a Nanoemulsion Mix of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centella asiatica in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Zebrafish Larvae Model

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