Characterisation, Metabolite Profile, and Antioxidant Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesised Using the Algae Palmaria palmata
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Abstract
Palmaria palmata contains phytochemicals with potential antioxidant properties, such as
polyphenols and mycosporins (MAAs). Phycoerythrin and phycocyanin are pigments found in
the red algae species Palmaria palmata. It is believed that P. palmata derived silver
nanoparticles have excellent antioxidant activity. This study aims to determine the
morphological, metabolite profile and antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticle compounds
synthesised using P. palmata. The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was performed using
P. palmata as a bioreductant. The morphological characteristics observed were the size and
shape of the particles, which were observed using the particle size analyser (PSA) and scanning
electron microscopy (SEM). Biochemical characteristics studied were secondary metabolite
profiles and antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticle compounds using P. palmata. The
metabolite profile was tested using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The
antioxidant activity was tested using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method with
ascorbic acid as the positive control. The study showed that P. palmata AgNPs are spherical,
with a size of 185.5 nm. P. palmata AgNP contains phenolic group metabolites of gallic acid at
a retention time of 2.74 minutes with a peak height of 89.248 mAu and a relative peak area of
98.73%. The antioxidant activity of AgNP synthesised using P. palmata possesses an IC50 value
of 17.113 ± 1.584 ppm, indicating a more robust antioxidant activity compared to the extract of
P. palmata, which had an IC50 value of 33.875 ± 11.238 ppm
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