Molecular Identification of Four Antifungal Bacteria from Potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) Plants and their Rhizosphere Soils
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Abstract
Rhizosphere bacteria enhance plant growth and protection by producing active compounds.
These bacteria remain the means of attraction to substitute for chemical pesticides, fertilizers,
and other additives. Several studies are examining the biological control potential of antifungal
bacteria, whose identity is currently unknown. The present study was conducted to isolate,
identify, and characterize four bacteria with antifungal properties from potato and strawberry
plants and their rhizosphere soils. Bacteria were isolated from potato and strawberry plants, and
their respective rhizosphere soils. The bacterial isolates were subjected to antifungal activity
testing. Twenty-four of the isolates with antifungal activity were further subjected to an
antifungal activity assay against Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, and Fusarium
oxysporum. These bacterial isolates were identified using microscopic, phenotypic, and
biochemical tests. The identity of the four bacteria with strong antifungal activity was confirmed
with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 374 strains of bacteria were isolated, with 24 having
antagonistic activity. The results of the tests classified the isolates into three categories with
varying percentages; 25, 17, and 58% of the bacterial isolates were of the genera Bacillus,
Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas. Four of these bacterial isolates (Fr43, F31, B6, and B29) had
strong antifungal activity. The molecular analysis revealed their identities as Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens DMB3, Acinetobacter lwoffii strain HATC14, Pseudomonas brassicacearum
subsp. neoaurantiaca strain IHBB13645, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain CD2901,
respectively. The present study found four distinct bacterial strains with strong antagonistic
potential, probably belonging to new species, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.
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