In Vitro and In Vivo Nephrotoxicity Evaluation of the Methanol Extract of Ficus deltoidea Jack Leaf

Main Article Content

Maharani L. Apriasari
Helsa Nadia
Naura Hanifa
Juliyatin P. Utami
I. Wayan A. K. Firdaus

Abstract

Ficus deltoidea Jack leaves extract (FDLE) is rich in phytochemicals like alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and steroids. These phytochemicals possess an excellent potential for medicinal applications. This study aimed to assess the kidney toxicity of FDLE through in vitro and in vivo methods. FDLE was obtained by maceration in methanol at room temperature for 24 h. The in vitro toxicity of FDLE at 10 – 100 µg/mL was evaluated in Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK)-21fibroblast cells using the MTT assay method. The in vivo toxicity was assessed by histopathological examination of the kidneys of Wistar rats following oral acute administration of FDLE at 1.250 mg/kg, 2.500 mg/kg, and 3.750 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days. In vitro toxicity tests showed no toxic effect of FDLE on BHK-21 fibroblast cells.  The percentage cell viability of BHK-21 fibroblast cells was higher than 60% at all the concentration of FDLE tested, and the IC50 value was 71.63 µg/mL. The histopathological analysis revealed no significant difference in the  haemorrhage and necrosis observed in the tissues of the kidneys of rats in the FDLE treated groups compared to the control group. Therefore, it could be concluded that FDLE demonstrated no toxic effects in vitro and in vivo, and may be relatively safe when administered to humans.

Article Details

How to Cite
Apriasari, M. L., Nadia, H., Hanifa, N., Utami, J. P., & Firdaus, I. W. A. K. (2024). In Vitro and In Vivo Nephrotoxicity Evaluation of the Methanol Extract of Ficus deltoidea Jack Leaf. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research (TJNPR), 8(6), 7514–7519. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v8i6.28
Section
Articles

References

Nurmaida N, Darusman LK, Rafi M, Heryanto R. Metabolite Profiling of Tabat Barito (Ficus deltoidea) Using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. J Pure Appl Chem Res. 2018; 7(2):100-108.

Manurung H, Kustiawan W, Kusuma IW, Marjenah. Total Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Tabat Barito (Ficus deltoidea Jack) on Different Plant Organs and Ages. J Med Plants Stud. 2017; 5(6):120-125.

Rahayu S, Amaliah N, Patimah R. Uji Aktifitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Tabat Barito (Ficus deltoidea) Terhadap Bakteri Bacillus substillis Dengan Tingkatan Polaritas Pelarut. J Riset Kefarmasian Indon. 2022; 4(1):34–45.

Firdaus IWAK, Rahmah A, Apriasari ML, Wasiaturrahmah Y. Quantitative Phytochemical Test of Methanol Extract of Tabat Barito Leaves (Ficus deltoidea Jack.). Dent J Kedokteran Gigi. 2023; 8(1):76-80.

Marlindayanti M, Zainur RA, Widodo Y. Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum) Sebagai Obat Kumur Terhadap Akumulasi Plak. J Kesehat Poltekkes Palembang. 2018; 13(1):68-74.

Chitalia M, Adimoolam DS, Jun BH, Cheng LE. Comprehensive Review on Ficus deltoidea Effervescent Mouthwash Formulation in Treating Oral Pathogens. Int J Healthc Med Sci. 2021; 7(3):63–75.

Nararya SA, Jularso E, Budhy TI. Uji Toksisitas Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Terhadap Sel Fibroblas Gingiva Menggunakan Uji MTT Assay. J Biosains Pascasarj. 2015; 17(1):52-59.

Khasanah NW, Karyadi B, Sundaryono A. Uji Fitokimia dan Toksisitas Ekstrak Umbi Hydnophytum sp. terhadap Artemia salina Leach. PENDIPA J Sci Edu. 2020; 4(1):47-53.

Abrori C, Nurfadhila K, Sakinah EN. Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kemangi (Ocimumsanctum) Diukur dari Nilai LD50 dan Histopatologi Ginjal. J Agromed Med Sci. 2019; 5(1):13-19.

Fatirah N, Gama SI, Rusli R. Pengujian Toksisitas Produk Herbal Secara In Vivo. Proc 9th Mulawarman Pharm Conf. 2019; 9(1):14-21.

Dillasamola D, Fitria N, Husni E, Aldi Y. Subacute Toxicity Test of Ethanol Extract of Sungkai Leaves (Peronema canescens Jack.) on Renal Histology of Male Wistar Rats. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2023; 7(12):5519-5522.

Salwa IN, Firdaus IWAK, Azizah A. Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Kulit Batang Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) Terhadap Sel Fibroblas BHK-21 Secara In Vitro. Dentin. 2021; 5(3):148-153.

Hairunnisa. Sulitnya Menemukan Obat Baru di Indonesia. Majalah Farmasetika. 2019; 4(1):16-21.

Mardja TE, Rahmi F, Rusmawati E, Adriany R, Murtiningsih, Herlina, Setijantim, Usia T. Riset Sitotoksik Campuran Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L) dan Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L) pada Sel Vero dan Amil12. J Trop Pharm Chem. 2016; 3(4):285.

BPOM. Pedoman Uji Toksisitas Nonklinik secara In Vivo. Jakarta: BPOM; 2020. 2-3, 16, 34-35p.

Gani JO, Wardhani FM, Tandanu E. Acute Toxicity Test of White Turmeric Extract (Curcuma zedoaria) in the Kidneys of Male Wistar Rats. Maj Health. 2021; 8(4):192-198.

Agi YES and Titrawani. Histological description of the kidneys of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout 1769) due to giving white coffee. J Biol Andalas Univ. 2021; 9(2):60-67.

Jannah DR, Budijastuti W, Biology J, Mathematics F, Science D, Nature P, et al. Histopathological Features of Kidney Toxicity of Male Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Given Yakon Tuber Syrup. 2022; 11(2):238-246.

Sudira W, Merdana M, Winaya IBO, Parnayasa IK. Changes in Kidney Histopathology of White Rats given Anthill Extract induced Paracetamol Toxic Dose. Udayana Vet Bull. 2019; 11(2):136-140.

Gelis NT. Histopathology of White Rat Kidney (Rattus norvegicus) After Metal Material Wire Implantation. Vet Stud Sci J. 2020; 4:101-106.

Sulasiyah, Sarjono PR, Aminin ALN. Antioxidant from Turmeric Fermentation Products (Curcuma longa) by Aspergillus Oryzae. J Kim Sains dan Apl. 2018; 21(1):17.

Al-Mamoori F, Aburjai T, Al-Tawalbe DM. In-vitro Anti-Nephrolithiatic Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants Yellow Highlight: Space Query. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2022; 6(9):1426-1429.

Dhurhania CE, Novianto A. Uji Kandungan Fenolik Total dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Berbagai Bentuk Sediaan Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendens). J Fa dan Ilm Kefar Ind. 2018; 5(2):62.

Fauziah MZ. Activity Test of Samarinda Leaf Extract (Carissa carandas L.) Against Renal Histopathology of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) Hypercholesterolemia. BEST Journal. 2021; 4(2):339–345.

Radi ZA. Kidney Pathophysiology, Toxicology, and Drug-Induced Injury in Drug Development. Int J Toxicol. 2019; 38(3):215-227.

Setiati N. Administration of Mango Benalu Extract to Codeine-Induced Histological Changes in Rat Hepa. Bioscientific: J Biol Biol Edu. 2014; 6(2):80-86.

Ervina E and Sukarjati S. The effect of giving papaya seed extract (Carica papaya L.), neem leaf extract (Azadiracta indica A. Juss) and a mixture of papaya seed extract and neem leaf extract on the histological features of the kidneys and liver of male mice (Mus musculus L). Rides. 2017; 68(1):63–69.

Tana S and Saraswati TR. The Effect of Balimo Stem Soaking Water (Zanthoxylum nitidum) on the Histological Kidney of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) After Being Given Ciu. Bull Anat Physiol. 2021; 6(1):7-16.

Fitriani F, Subiwahjudi A, Soetojo A, Yuanita T. Cytotoxicity of cocoa peel extract (Theobroma cacao) against BHK-21 fibroblast cell culture. Conserv Dent J. 2019; 9(1):54–65.

Khoo LW, Kow ASF, Maulidiani M, Lee MT, Tan CP, Shaari K, Tham CL, Abas F. Hematological, Biochemical, Histopathological and 1H-NMR Metabolomics Application In Acute Toxicity Evaluation Of Clinacanthus nutans Water Leaf Extract. Molecules. 2018; 23(9):1-18

Indrisari M, Aksa R, Khairi N, Bau Agiel FM, Harmawati H, Muslimin L. Acute Safety Assessment of Ethanol Leaves Extract of Cemba (Acacia rugata L.) on The Kidney in Male Wistar Rats: Trop J Pharm Res. 2023; 7(7):3360-3363.