Cytotoxic Activity, Cell Migration and Apoptosis Effects of Uncaria nervosa Elmer Leaf Fractions on MCF-7 HER 2 Cells
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Abstract
Uncaria nervosa Elmer is a medicinal plant distributed in Indonesia, New Guinea and the Western Pacific. Traditionally, this plant is used for cancer treatment. This study aims to determine the cytotoxic activity, cell migration and apoptosis of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions in MCF-7 HER 2 breast cancer cells. The ethanol extract of U. nervosa Elmer leaves was fractionated using a separating funnel. Fractionation used solvents with varying polarities, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol. The three fractions were tested for their cytotoxic activity by the MTT assay method. The concentrations of the fractions were 100, 10 and 1 µg/ml. The effect of inhibiting cell migration on the fractions using the scratch wound healing assay was observed at 0, 24 and 48 hours and the apoptosis effect was observed using the double staining assay at 48 hours. The results showed that n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions had IC50 values31,44 and 16,422 µg/ml, respectively and the butanol fraction had no activity on MCF-7 HER 2cells at a concentration of 100 µg/ml. Wound healing assays explained the potency of fraction to decrease the cell migration after 24 hours. Apoptosis effect of the fraction of the double staining test results showed MCF-7 HER 2 cells experiencing yellow and orange fluorescence. The n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions having moderate and strong cytotoxic activity and were able to inhibit cell migration as well as caused death of MCF-7 HER 2 breast cancer cells by apoptosis.
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