Characterization and Evaluation of Potential Antibacterial Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Guiera senegalensis Leaf Extract
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Abstract
This study investigates Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel (Combretaceae), a widely acknowledged herb in Africa for its medicinal properties against various ailments, including fever, diarrhea, diabetes, dysentery, eczema, malaria, cough, tuberculosis, and its potential to enhance milk production in lactating women. The research focuses on utilizing Guiera senegalensis for synthesizing silver nano-particles (GS-AgNPs), due to its abundance in primary and secondary metabolites. The primary aim is to produce GS-AgNPs and assess their antibacterial efficacy. The synthesis of GS-AgNPs involved mixing a silver salt solution with the water leaf-extract. Characterization of the nanoparticles was conducted using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy with surface-plasmon-resonance (S-P-R) analysis at 390 nanometers (nm). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (F-T-IR) investigated the identity of the phytochemicals responsible for the green reduction of silver ions. X-ray diffraction (X-RD) confirmed the face-centered-cubic crystallinity of the GS-AgNPs with a mean size (33 nm). The antibacterial potential of GS-AgNPs was evaluated against both gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) and gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) using the Agar-well method. Results demonstrated the inhibitory effect of GS-AgNPs on microbial growth, with zone-of-inhibition (Z-OI) ranging from 4-7 millimeters (mm) to 16-19 mm at concentrations of 10 mg/cm³ and 20 mg/cm³, respectively. In comparison, the aqueous leaf extract exhibited Z-OI between 1.3-6 mm. GS-AgNPs displayed superior antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria when compared to the aqueous leaf extract.
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