Modulatory Effect of Dietary Pentadiplandra brazzeana Baill Root Supplemented Feed in Oedematous and Polyarthritic Rat
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Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatism are chronic inflammations linked with intense joint pain. Pentadiplandra brazzeana Baill root (Joy perfume tree) root is a dietary food used in traditional care to manage inflammatory disorders. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of P. brazzeana root-supplemented feed (PBRF) against acute oedema and chronic polyarthritis were studied in Wistar rats. Zingiber officinale served as the standard. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), oxidative stress markers were investigated using standard methods. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined using ELISA assays. Neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, procalcitonin, white blood cells, platelets, haemoglobin, red-blood cells, and lymphocytes, counts were assayed using autoanalyzer. The PBRF significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed rat paw thickness in carrageenan, complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) and formaldehyde models. The activities of AST and ALT in formaldehyde-induced oedema model were significantly reduced by PBRF. Furthermore, PBRF significantly decreased COX-2 activity, TNF-α, NF-κB, and malondialdehyde concentrations, while reduced glutathione level, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, were significantly increased in the CFA-induced polyarthritis model. The PBRF-treated groups had low lymphocytes, basophils, white blood cells, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and procalcitonin counts, compared to the negative control diet group. The PBRF exhibited considerable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory curative effects against acute oedema and chronic polyarthritis in rats. The mechanistic action could be through, COX-2, TNF-α and NF-κB signaling pathways inhibition, boosting of the antioxidant defense system and modulation of immunological parameters.
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