Phytochemical Constituents, Anti-Diabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Methanol Extracts of Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel Leaves and Stem Bark
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Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel is widely used in traditional medicine as an antioxidant and anti-diabetic agent. This study aims to evaluate the phytochemical constituents, the antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of the methanol leaf extract (MLE) and methanol stem bark extract (MBE) of Diospyros malabarica. The extracts were obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE). Phytochemical screening was done using standard methods. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau and Aluminium chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. The antidiabetic activity was assessed using α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitory assays. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The results showed that the TPC (621.31 ± 0.74 mgGAE/g) and TFC (32.86 ± 0.31 mgQE/g) of MBE are 14 times higher than that of MLE with TPC and TFC of 42.83 ± 0.15 mgGAE/g, and 2.37 ± 0.02 mgQE/g, respectively. MBE also showed higher antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities than MLE. The IC50 values of MBE for DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, and FRAP activities were 8.04 ± 0.05 µg/mL, 2.61 ± 0.03 µg/mL, and 6803.86 µMFSE/g, respectively. For the anti-diabetic activity, MBE had IC50 values of 14.36 ± 0.21 µg/mL, and 205.39 ± 2.94 µg/mL for α-glucosidase, and DPP-4 inhibitory activities, respectively. Therefore, the stem bark of D. malabarica has better anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities than the leaves, and thus has a potential for use as an antioxidant and anti-diabetic agent.
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