Effect of Methanol Fraction of <i>Aspidopterys indica</i> Aerial Parts on DOCA Salt-Induced Hypertension and HR-LC-MS Assisted Phytochemical Profiling
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v8i5.16Keywords:
Aspidopterys indica, HR-LC-MS, Phytochemical, DOCA-Salt, HypertensionAbstract
Aspidopterys indica (Willd.) W. Theob. (Malpighiaceae) has been used as traditional remedy for hypertension and skin diseases. The current study aims to provide a comprehensive profile of bioactive metabolites in A. indica aerial parts and its effect against deoxycortisone acetate (DOCA) salt-induced hypertension in Wistar rats. Powdered aerial parts of A. indica were extracted by ultrasonication using methanol as solvent. The methanol extract was fractionated by silica gel vacuum liquid chromatography to obtain n-hexane fraction and methanol fraction designated as AIMF. The phytochemical constituents of AIMF were analysed using High Resolution-Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HR-LC-MS) performed in an LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS system (Agilent Technologies 6550 i-Funnel). Mass analysis was conducted using the ESI-positive ionization mode. Hypertension was induced in uninephrectomised rats by injecting DOCA (25 mg/kg bw) in 1% NaCl into drinking water. Hypertensive rats were then treated with AIMF (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, p.o) once daily for one week. HR-LC-MS analysis identified 52 compounds in AIMF with beta-D-gentiobiosylcrocetin, maritimetin, kaempferol-4'-glucoside-7-rhamnoside, quercetin, rutin, and isoamyl nitrite as the major compounds. AIMF at 400 mg/kg resulted in a significant reduction in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive rats with concomitant reduction in renal function parameters (urea, uric acid, and creatinine) and liver function enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase), as well as an increase in antioxidant enzymes particularly superoxide dismutase (SOD). The key metabolites of AIMF especially those with vasodilatory effect may be responsible for its antihypertensive effect, and play a role in the renoprotective and hepatoprotective effects.
References
Oparil S, Acelajado MC, Bakris GL, Berlowitz DR, Cífková R, Dominiczak AF, Grassi G, Jordan J, Poulter NR, Rodgers A, Whelton PK. Hypertension. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018; 4:18014.
Pfeffer MA and Frohlich ED. Improvements in clinical outcomes with the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: cross-fertilization between clinical and basic investigation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006; 291(5):H2021-H2025.
Saeed A, Bashir K, Shah AJ, Qayyum R, Khan T. Antihypertensive Activity in High Salt-Induced Hypertensive Rats and LC-MS/MS-Based Phytochemical Profiling of Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) Leaves. Biomed Res Int. 2022; 2022:2791874.
Shaito A, Duong TBT, Hoa TP, Thi HDN, Hiba H, Sarah H, Samar A, Gheyath KN, Ali HE, and Gianfranco P. Herbal Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases: Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Safety. Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11:422.
Frishman WH, Beravol P, Carosella C. Alternative and complementary medicine for preventing and treating cardiovascular disease. Dis Mon. 2009; 55(3):121–192.
Liu Q, Jiao Z, Liu Y, Li Z, Shi X, Wang W, Wang B, Zhong M. Chemical profiling of San-Huang decoction by UPLC–ESI-Q-TOF-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2016; 131:20–32.
Farag MA, Maamoun AA, Ehrlich A, Fahmy S, Wesjohann LA. Assessment of sensory metabolites distribution in 3 cactus Opuntia ficus-indica fruit cultivars using UV fingerprinting and GC/MS profiling techniques. LWT- Food Sci Technol. 2017; 80:145–154.
Kind T, Tsugawa H, Cajka T, Ma Y, Lai Z, Mehta SS, Wohlgemuth G, Barupal DK, Showalter MR, Arita M, Fiehn O. Identification of small molecules using accurate mass MS/MS search. Mass Spectrom Rev. 2018; 37(4):513–532.
Noumi E, Snoussi M, Anouar EH, Alreshidi M, Veettil VN, Elkahoui S, Adnan M, Patel M, Kadri A, Aouadi K, De Feo 9.V, Badraoui R. HR-LCMS-based metabolite profiling, antioxidant, and anticancer properties of Teucrium polium L. Methanolic extract: computational and in vitro study. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(11):1089-1102.
Khare CP. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. New Delhi: Springer; 2007. 70 p.
Udaya CP, Sunitha K. Pharmacognostic Evaluation, Estimation of Phenolic, Flavonoid Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Aspidopterys indica (Willd.) W. Theob: An Endemic Plant to Peninsular India. Annal Roman Soc Cell Biol. 2021; 25(4):13884–13891.
Udaya CP and Sunitha K. Isolation, Characterisation and In-vitro Antioxidant activities of Flavonoid Compounds from Methanolic fraction of Aspidopterys indica. Int J Pharm Qual Assur. 2023; 14(4):1027-1032.
Nateshan A and Venkateshwara RT. Phytochemical analysis of Selected Indian Medicinal plants by HR-LCMS spectra method. Rasayan J Chem. 2021; 14(4):2318-2326.
Udaya CP and Sunitha K. ACE Inhibitory Activity And Antihypertensive Effect of Aspidopterys Cordata in DOCA-Salt-Induced Hypertension In Rats. Nat Vol Essential Oils. 2021; 8(6):4993-4999.
Uzma S, Amin S, Ahmad B, Azeem H, Anwar F, Mary S. Acute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Aqueous Ethanolic Extract of Saccharum Munja Roxb. Roots in Albino Mice as per OECD 425 TG. Toxicol Rep. 2017; 4:580-585.
Iyer A, Chan V, Brown L. The DOCA-Salt Hypertensive Rat as a Model of Cardiovascular Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2010; 6(4):291-297.
Wang Y, Thatcher SE, Cassis LA. Measuring Blood Pressure Using a Noninvasive Tail Cuff Method in Mice. Methods Mol Biol. 2017; 1614:69-73.
Reitman S and Frankel S. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Am J Clin Pathol. 1957; 28(1):56-63.
Toora BD and Rajagopal G. Measurement of creatinine by Jaffe's reaction--determination of concentration of sodium hydroxide required for maximum color development in standard, urine and protein free filtrate of serum. Indian J Exp Biol. 2002; 40(3):352-354.
Langenfeld NJ, Payne LE, Bugbee B. Colorimetric determination of urea using diacetyl monoxime with strong acids. PLoS One. 2021; 16(11):e0259760.
Pokharel K, Yadav BK, Jha B, Parajuli K, Pokharel RK. Estimation of serum uric acid in cases of hyperuricaemia and gout. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2011; 51(181):15-20.
Appala RN, Chigurupati S, Appala RV, Krishnan Selvarajan K, Islam Mohammad J. A Simple HPLC-UV Method for the Determination of Glutathione in PC-12 Cells. Scientifica. 2016; 2016:6897890.
Hadwan MH. Simple spectrophotometric assay for measuring catalase activity in biological tissues. BMC Biochem. 2018; 19(1):7-15.
Li J, Lei J, He L, Fan X, Yi F, Zhang W. Evaluation and Monitoring of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity and its Clinical Significance in Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Med Sci Monit. 2019; 25:2032-2042.
Rahmawati IS. Malonaldehyde Level of Administration Ethanol Extract of Purple Sweet Potato Var. Ayamurasaki in Doca-Salt Hypertensive Rats. J Appl Food Technol. 2018; 5(1):6-9.
Guo ZL, Li MX, Li XL, Wang P, Wang WG, Du WZ, Yang ZQ, Chen SF, Wu D, Tian XY. Crocetin: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol. 2022; 12:745683-745721.
Paikrao KC and Dhabe AS. HRLC-MS analysis of Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2023; 12(2):80-83.
Hannun YA and Obeid LM. Sphingolipids and their metabolism in physiology and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2018; 19(3):175-191.
Choi S, Seo HS, Lee KR, Lee S, Lee J. Effect of cultivars and milling degrees on free and bound phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of black rice. Appl Biol Chem. 2018; 61(1):49-60.
Nenadis N and Sigalas MP. A DFT study on the radical scavenging activity of maritimetin and related aurones. J Phys Chem A. 2008; 112(47):12196-12202.
Kashyap D, Sharma A, Tuli HS, Sak K, Punia S, Mukherjee TK. Kaempferol – A dietary anticancer molecule with multiple mechanisms of action: Recent trends and advancements. J Funct Foods. 2017; 30:203-219.
Anand David AV, Arulmoli R, Parasuraman S. Overviews of biological importance of quercetin: A bioactive flavonoid. Pharmacogn Rev. 2016; 10(20):84-89.
Rajkumar R, Kumar S, Manohar RNP, Nithin A. Anticonvulsant and Antianxiety effects of Quercetin and Rutin. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2020; 9(9):2410-2418.
Ingrassia L, Lefranc F, Mathieu V, Darro F, Kiss R. Amaryllidaceae isocarbostyril alkaloids and their derivatives as promising antitumor agents. Transl Oncol. 2008; 1(1):1-13.
Hayashi M, Wada K, Munakata K. Synthesis and Nematicidal Activity of Phenoxypropionic Acid Derivatives. Agric Biol Chem. 1983; 47(11):2653-2655.
Bauer JA, Nolan T, Fung HL. Vascular and hemodynamic differences between organic nitrates and nitrites. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1926; 280(1):326-331
![](https://tjnpr.org/public/journals/1/article_4078_cover_en_US.png)
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research (TJNPR)
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.