Effect of Extraction Methods on the Antioxidants and Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Borassus flabellifer L. Fruit Fiber
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Abstract
The fruit fiber of Borassus flabellifer (Lontar) is used by the local people in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, to treat various illnesses due to its various bioactive compounds. The extraction methods of bioactive compounds have become one of the factors that significantly affect the activity of a sample. This study aims to identify the extraction method that impacts the antioxidant and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity in a 96% ethanol extract from young lontar fruit fiber (YLFF) and old lontar fruit fiber (OLFF). The extraction methods used in this study were maceration (M), soxhlet (S), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Spectrophotometric analysis was performed to determine the total phenolics content, total flavonoid content, the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The result showed that the OLFF sample extracted by Soxhlet (OLFF-S) had the highest total phenolic content of 18.334 mg GAE/g extract and showed more significant activity in inhibiting the alpha-glucosidase enzyme than other samples. At 100 μg/mL, the OLFF-S sample exhibited a 2.441% inhibition of the alpha-glucosidase enzyme, and at 2000 μg/mL, the inhibition increased to 23.087%. Meanwhile, the OLLF sample extracted using the MAE method (OLFF-MAE) had the highest total flavonoid content of 4.99 mg QE/g extract. It also showed the highest DPPH radicals scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 1435.70 μg/mL. In conclusion, the extraction method can impact the phenolic and flavonoid levels of ethanol extracts of both young and old fruit fibers of B. flabellifer, as well as their antioxidant properties and effectiveness as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.
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