Antibacterial Activity of Hydrogels Produced from Nanocellulose Derivatives for Controlled Drug Delivery
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Hydrogels are a 3D polymer network capable of absorbing large amounts of water or biological fluids without dissolving, due to chemical or physical crosslinking. They are made from cellulose derivatives and are a promising research area for developing smart drug carriers in modern drug delivery systems. The present research aimed to synthesize hydrogels based on nanocellulose derivatives and evaluate their antibacterial activity. A crosslinker termed epichlorohydrin (ECH) was incorporated into Sengon plant cellulose to produce cellulose derivatives, specifically abietic nanocellulose (CAB). Hydrogels were synthesized from the nanocellulose derivatives. The hydrogels were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The degree of substitution, release, and swelling tests, as well as antibacterial activity tests, were conducted. The results of the FTIR spectra revealed absorption between 1400 and 1600 cm-1, indicating a crosslinking process on the hydrogels. Furthermore, SEM cross-sectional observations demonstrated the formation of pores of various sizes. The hydrogel characterization results showed the impact of the preparation conditions, specifically the ECH concentration. The nanocellulose derivatives (NCAB): ECH concentration ratio varied between 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:2. Based on the research results, the highest hydrogel swelling ratio was found in the CAB: ECH reaction conditions, which was 1:0.5. The findings of the present study demonstrated that modification by rosin esterification can result in hydrogels with desirable properties that can be employed for controlled drug delivery. Hydrogel from NCAB can inhibit the growth of E. coli bacteria in the weak category, but is moderate against S. aureus.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Diana EC, Raluca N, and Florin C. Cellulose-based hydrogels as sustained drug-delivery systems. Materials. 2020; 13(22):5270.
Yuhai L, Lingli L, Guanxiu D, Yanling Y, Chunzui Z, and Runmiao Y. Preparation Of Cellulose-based hydrogels and their characteristics for cell culture. Cellul Chem Tech. 2016; 50(9-10):897-903.
Sadegh G, Hossein E, Razavi BS, Hajjatollah N, Leila SA, Hamid Z, Vali K, Ali AM, Masoud S. Hydrogels based on cellulose and its derivatives: applications, synthesis, and characteristics, Polym Sci Ser. 2018; 60(6):707–722.
Nur I, Masruri M, Siti MU, and Nashi W. Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate and nanocellulose acetate from Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) agroindustrial waste. J. Pure Appl. Chem. Res. 2022; 11(3):214-224.
Helda WA, Masruri M, and Siti MU, Study on esterification reaction of starch isolated from cassava (Manihot esculeta) with acetic acid and isopropyl myrtistate using ultrasonicator. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2018; 299:012079.
Jacqueline L, Tessei K, and Yoshito A. Esterification of cellulose with a long fatty acid chain through the mechanochemical method. Polymers, 2021; 13(24): 4397.
Bambang W, Sanro T, and Djaban T. Chemical compositions of pine resin, rosin and turpentine oil from West Java. Ind J For Res. 2006; 3(1): 7–17.
Siti NA, Masruri M, Arie S, and Mohammad FR. Directed study of abietic acid reaction in pine rosin under non-precious-metal catalyst. J Kim Val. 2022; 8(1): 92–105.
Geoffrey RM, Sara B, Vidhura SM, and Artur M. High Value materials from the forests. Adv Mater Phys Chem. 2016; 06(03): 54–60.
Ufana R and Syed MA. Characterization of Polymer Blends with FTIR Spectroscopy. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. 2014; 625–678.
Rodrigo B, Eduardo H, Carlos AC, Ricardo AFM, and Cintia M. Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate from royal palm tree agroindustrial waste. Polym Eng Sci. 2019; 59(5): 891–898.
Suyatno S, Amaria A, Gusti MS, Rusly H, Devi PS, Nabellla D, Farida DO, Nurulhidayah AF. Synthesis of nanoherbal from ethanol extract of indonesian fern selaginella plana and antiacterial activity assay. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2022; 6(1):44-49.
Rosangela BG, Rosangela RLV. Preparation and structural characterization of O-acetyl agarose with low degree of substitution. Polímeros. 2000; 10(3): 155–161.
Mahrullina MA, Masruri M, and Arie S. Crystallinity of nanocellulose isolated from the flower waste of pine tree (Pinus merkusii). IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2020; 833(1): 012003.
Sri EL, Arie S, and Masruri M. Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) produced from the sulphuric acid hydrolysis of the pine cone flower waste (Pinus merkusii Jungh Et De Vriese). J Phys Conf Ser. 2019; 1374(1): 012023.
Zulfa DN, Masruri M, Warsito W, and Arie S. Preparation of nanocellulose bioplastic with a gradation color of red and yellow. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2020; 833(1): 012078.
Urfa ZU, Masruri M, Zubaidah N, and Arie S. Sonication-assisted pine cone flower cellulose hydrolysis using formic acid. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2020; 833(1): 012001.
Marycris PE and Arnold CA. Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate from Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Leaves. Key Eng. Mater. 2018; 772: 8–12.
Sri EL, Masruri M, Arie S. Biocellulose isolated from the waste of pinecone flower (Pinus merkusii Jungh Et De Vriese). J Phys Conf Ser. 2019; 1374(1): 012022.
Xue LL, Chun FZ, Han CL, and Jia MZ. Quantitative analysis of degree of substitution/molar substitution of etherified polysaccharide derivatives. Des Monomers Polym. 2022; 25(1): 75–88.
Lawal GH, Nafiu A, Yaman MM, Zainab ISG, Adiya, Ernest CA, Mustapha S. Acetylation and physicochemical properties of ampelocissus africana (Wild cassava tuber) starch for enhanced drug delivery. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2023; 7(7):3292-3296.
Andre MS, Katia MN, Vagner RB. Synthesis, characterization and application of hydrogel derived from cellulose acetate as a substrate for slow-release NPK fertilizer and water retention in soil. J Environ Chem Eng. 2015; 3(2): 996–1002.
Siti F, Risti R, Dwi FAH, and Asep BDN. How to calculate crystallite size from X-Ray diffraction (XRD) using Scherrer method. ASEAN J Sci Eng. 2021; 2(1): 65–76.
Adibehalsadat G, Shanti M, Tirusew T, Son LH. X-ray Attenuation properties of ultrasmall Yb2O3 nanoparticles as a high-performance CT contrast agent. J Korean Phys Soc. 2019; 74(3): 286–291.
Abdelkader N, Arbi F, Marie CBS, Julien B, and Elimame E. Synthesis of cellulose triacetate-I from microfibrillated date seeds cellulose (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Iran Polym J 2017; 26(2): 137–147.
Shihajur R, Minhajul I, Sazedul I, Asadus Z, Tanvir A, Shanta B, Sadia S, Taslim UR, and Mohammed MR. Morphological characterization of hydrogels in cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels, (Md. I. H. Mondal, Ed.). In: Polymers and Polymeric Composites: A Reference Series. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2019; 819–863.
Hu T, Han C, Bo D, Aang L, and Lina Z. Swelling behaviors of superabsorbent chitin/carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels. J Mater Sci. 2014; 49(5): 2235–2242.
Chavda and Patel. Effect of crosslinker concentration on characteristics of superporous hydrogel. Int J Pharm Investig. 2011; 1(1): 17–21.
Alessandro LU, Marcelly CG, Monica HMN, Christiane BL, Gerson N, and Amedea BS. Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of alginate hydrogel containing nitric oxide donor and silver nanoparticles for topical applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2020; 6(4): 2117–2134.
Mandana T, Seid MJ, and Theo GMV. A Review on surface-functionalized cellulosic nanostructures as biocompatible antibacterial materials. Nano-Micro Lett. 2020; 12(1): 73.
Naoki W, Tetsuo F, Ren S, Tokuo M, and Kenji T. Direct synthesis of a robust cellulosic composite from cellulose acetate and a nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose sol. Polym J. 2022; 54(5): 735–740.
La OS, Rudi H, Firman R, Meyliana W, Kholis AA, Karimatul SI. Screening of Antibacterial compounds against escherichia coli from hanjeni seeds (Coix lacryma-jobi) based on metabolomics. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2023. 7(5):2867-2872.