Effect of Climate Change on the Phytochemical Constituents, Essential Oil Yield and Chemical Composition of Inula viscosa Leaves
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Abstract
Climate change poses a threat to plant and animal biodiversity. It induces physiological and morphological changes in plants. This study aimed to assess the effect of climate change on the phytochemical constituents, essential oil yield and chemical composition of Inula viscosa leaves. Three samples of I. viscosa from the Taounate region of Morocco were cultivated in a closed chamber for three years under different climatic conditions: sample 1 (I. viscosa cultivated in the first year under normal temperature and precipitation conditions of Taounate region), sample 2 (I. viscosa cultivated in the second year, at 5°C increase in temperature and 50% decrease in precipitation), and sample 3 (I. viscosa cultivated in the third year, at 10°C increase in temperature and 75% decrease in precipitation). Phytochemical and mineral analyses of the three samples were done according to standard procedures. Essential oils were extracted from the leaves of the three samples by hydro-distillation using the Clavenger apparatus. Chemical composition of the essential oils was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. Phytochemical screening showed that moderately intensified climatic conditions (sample 2) led to an increase in phytochemical content, mineral composition, and essential oil yield of Inula viscosa leaves. However, at adverse climatic conditions (sample 3), the phytochemical content, mineral composition, and essential oil yield of Inula viscosa leaves decreased significantly. GC-MS analysis revealed that changes in climatic condition affected the content of major compounds in the essential oil of I. viscosa leaves. Therefore, climate change can significantly impact the chemical composition of plants.
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