Antioxidant Potential and Cytogenotoxicity Activity of Methanol Extract of Asystasia vogeliana Benth Leaf
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
In Nigeria, Asystasia vogeliana leaf is used for treatment and management of many human illnesses. The research explored the antioxidant, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects of Asystasia vogeliana leaf methanol extract (AVLME), in order to establish its anti-malignant potential. Fine powder of the air-dried plant leaves was produced by pulverization. It was extracted using methanol. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness on a rotavap at 40ºC. Antioxidant activity was assessed using Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and metal chelating assay. Brine Shrimp lethality and Allium cepa L. assays were used to investigate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity activities. The results revealed that the IC50 for FRAP, DPPH and metal chelating assays were 129.13 µg/mL, 0.43 mg/mL and 2.17 mg/mL, respectively. Nauplii of Brine shrimp responded to the extract treatment with high lethality in the Brine shrimp assay. Mortality was highest at 0.1 mg/mL concentration of the extract. Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) of the extract for the Brine Shrimp mortality was evaluated to be 62 µg/mL. Analysis of variance revealed that the mitotic index mean of A. Cepa treated with various concentrations of AVLME was significantly difference (P < 0.05). The reduction in the mitotic index along with disrupted and degenerated cells showed that the extract has cytotoxicity potential. Chromosome aberration observed in the cells of Allium cepa root indicates genotoxicity activity of the extract. Hence, the study shows that the AVLME possesses antioxidant potential and exhibits genotoxicity and cytotoxicity effects toward A. cepa root tip cells and Brine shrimp nauplii.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Hosseinzadeh S, Jafarikukhdan A, Hosseini A, Armand R. The application of medicinal plants in traditional and modern medicine: a review of Thymus vulgaris. Int J Clin Med. 2015; 6(09):635-42. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2015.69084
Clark AM. Natural products as a resource for new drugs. Pharm Res. 1996; 13(8):1133-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016091631721
Popoola JO, Adebayo HA, Taiwo OS, Ayepola OO, Okosodo EF. Studies on local knowledge and in vitro cytotoxicity of Moringa oleifera L., Andrographis paniculata N. and Asystasia vogeliana B. extracts. Res J Appl Sci. 2017; 12(2):180-90.
Odoh UE, Uzor PF, Eze CL, Akunne TC, Onyegbulam CM, Osadebe PO. Medicinal plants used by the people of Nsukka Local Government Area, south-eastern Nigeria for the treatment of malaria: An ethnobotanical survey. J Ethnopharmacol. 2018; 218:1-5.
Ugwuanyi HE, Aba PE, Udem SC, Madubuinyi II. Acute toxicity and erythrocyte osmotic fragility studies of methanol leaf extract of Asystasia vogeliana in rats. J Appl life Sci Int. 2020; 23(2):18-28. https://doi.org/10.9734/JALSI/2020/v23i230143
Uno UU, Ekpo PB, Onwudiwe CF, Agu RC. Comparative Acute toxicity of ichthyotoxic plants (Tephrosia vogelii, Adenia cissampeloides and Asystasia vogeliana) on farmed African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Asian J Biol. 2018; 5(4):1-7. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJOB/2018/41275
Kaliora AC, Dedoussis GV, Schmidt H. Dietary antioxidants in preventing atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis. 2006; 187(1):1-7.
Majolo F, Bitencourt S, Wissmann Monteiro B, Viegas Haute G, Alves C, Silva J, Pinteus S, Santos RC, Torquato HF, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Oliveira JR. Antimicrobial and antileukemic effects: In vitro activity of Calyptranthes grandifolia aqueous leaf extract. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2020; 83(8):289-301.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2020.1753606
Majolo F, Martins A, Rehfeldt S, Henriques JA, Contini V, Goettert MI. Approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases related to natural products. Stud. Nat. Prod. Chem. 2021; 69:1-63.
Facundo VA, Andrade CH, Silveira ER, Braz-Filho R, Hufford CD. Triterpenes and flavonoids from Combretum leprosum. Phytochemistry. 1993; 32(2):411-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)95005-2
Merino FJ, Oliveira VB, Paula CS, Cansian FC, Souza AM, Zuchetto M, Hirota BC, Duarte AF, Kulik JD, Miguel MD, Miguel OG. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant potential and toxicity of crude ethanol extract and fractions of the species Senecio westermanii Dusén against Artemia salina. Rev. Bras. de Plantas Medicinais. 2015; 17:1031-40. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-084X/14_137.
Ocal S, Ferrer RB, Namoc K, De Guzman SC. Phytochemical Analysis and Cytotoxicity Potential of Pittosporum pentandrum (Mamalis) Crude Leaf Extract Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay. Asian J. Multidiscip. Stud. 2018; 1(1):50-60.
Ogbole OO, Segun PA, Adeniji AJ. In vitro cytotoxic activity of medicinal plants from Nigeria ethnomedicine on Rhabdomyosarcoma cancer cell line and HPLC analysis of active extracts. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017; 17(1):1- 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-2005-8
Lawal RA, Lawal SK, Odesanmi OS, Isiaq O, Adefisan IO, Badmus IA, Yusuf JO, Ebuehi OAT. Brine Shrimp Cytotoxicity and Anti-Mitotic Activity of Aqueous Root-Bark extract of Securidacalongepedunculata (Polygalaceae). Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2018; 2(3):109-113. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v2i3.1
Meyer BN, Ferrigni NR, Putnam JE, Jacobsen LB, Nichols DJ, McLaughlin JL. Brine shrimp: a convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents. Planta Med. 1982; 45(05):31-4. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971236
Mangalampalli B, Dumala N, Grover P. Allium cepa root tip assay in assessment of toxicity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and microparticles. J Environ Sci. 2018; 66:125-37.
Blois MS. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature. 1958; 181:1199-200.
Oyaizu M. Studies on products of browning reaction antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. Jap J. Nutrit Dietet.. 1986; 44(6):307-15.
Dinis TC, Madeira VM, Almeida LM. Action of phenolic derivatives (acetaminophen, salicylate, and 5-aminosalicylate) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and as peroxyl radical scavengers. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1994; 315(1):161-9. https://doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1994.1485
Chukwujekwu JC, Van Staden J. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of water extract of Distephanus angulifolius on Allium cepa Linn. S Afr J Bot. 2014; 92:147-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2014.03.001
Azeez SO, Ayo-Lawal RA, Olawuni IJ, Abraham OG. Evaluation of the bio-toxicity and cytogenetic effects of methanolic leaf extract of Heliotropium indicum L. Int J Biol Chem Sci. 2020; 14(1):1-0.
Hashemi SR, Zulkifli I, Bejo MH, Farida A, Somchit MN. Acute toxicity study and phytochemical screening of selected herbal aqueous extract in broiler chickens. Int J Pharmacol. 2008; 4(5):352-60. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2008.352.360
Truong DH, Nguyen DH, Ta NT, Bui AV, Do TH, Nguyen HC. Evaluation of the use of different solvents for phytochemical constituents, antioxidants, and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of Severinia buxifolia. J Food Qual2019;2019(1):1-9.
Borges A, José H, Homem V, Simões M. Comparison of Techniques and Solvents on the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Extracts from Acacia dealbata and Olea europaea. Antibiotics.2020; 9(2):48. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9020048.
Adesegun S, Elechi N, Coker H. Antioxidant power of Macaranga barteri leaf. Am. J. Food Technol. 2007; 2(6):543-49. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajft.2007.543.549
Senhaji S, Lamchouri F, Toufik H. Phytochemical content, antibacterial and antioxidant potential of endemic plant Anabasis aretioïdes coss. & moq. (Chenopodiaceae). Biomed Res Int. 2020; 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6152932
Sujith K, Suba V, Darwin CR. Neuropharmacological profile of ethanolic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum in Albino wistar rats. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2011; 2(8):2109.
Aboul-Enein F, Rauschka H, Kornek B, Stadelmann C, Stefferl A, Brück W, Lucchinetti C, Schmidbauer M, Jellinger K, Lassmann H. Preferential loss of myelin-associated glycoprotein reflects hypoxia-like white matter damage in stroke and inflammatory brain diseases. J. Neuropath. Exp. Neurol. 2003; 62(1):25-33. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/62.1.25
Yamaguchi F, Ariga T, Yoshimura Y, Nakazawa H. Antioxidative and anti-glycation activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica fruit rind. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2000; 48(2):180-5. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990845y
Khan N, Khan I, Azam S, Ahmad F, Khan HA, Shah A, et al. Potential cytotoxic and mutagenic effect of Pinus wallichiana, Daphne oleiodes and Bidens chinensis. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021; 28(8):4793–479
Ikpefan EO, Ayinde BA, Ahzah M. Euphorbia graminea Jacq.(Euphorbiaceae): In-Vitro Cytotoxic, Phytotoxic and Anti-Proliferative Assessment of the Extract and Fractions of the Leaves. Trop. J. Nat. Prod. Res. 2021; 5(6):1152-7. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i6. 29.
Adelegan AA, Dokunmu TM, Iweala EE. In-vitro Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxic Effect of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Olax subscorpioideaOliv.(Olacaceae). Trop. J. Nat. Prod. Res. 2023; 7(8): 3806-3812.
Akinpelu BA, Godwin A, Gbadegesin T, Ajakaye N, Omotosho SE, Azeez SO, Oziegbe M, Oyedapo OO. Comparative studies on anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Bent) leaf cold and hot water extracts. Asian Food Sci J 2019; 30:1-2. https://doi.org/10.9734/AFSJ/2019/v9i130000
Azeez SO, Olowu NA, Godwin A, Apata JT, Akinpelu BA. Evaluation of cytotoxic effects of methanolic extract and fractions of Mirabilis jalapa (L.) Leaf. J. Appl. Life Sci. Int. 2021; 24(6):25-35. https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2021/v24i630242
Iqbal M, Abbas M, Nisar J, Nazir A, Qamar A. Bioassays based on higher plants as excellent dosimeters for ecotoxicity monitoring: a review. Chem Int. 2019;5(1):1-80.
Celik TA. Potential Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Plant Extracts [Internet]. A Compendium of Essays on Alternative Therapy. InTech; 2012. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/28488.