Evaluation of Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Methanol Leaf Extract of Croton lobatus (Euphorbiaceae) in Rodents
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v1i6.6
Keywords:
Croton lobatus,, Analgesic,, Anti-inflammatory,, Methanol extract,, EuphorbiaceaeAbstract
Croton lobatus (Euphorbiaceae) is an annual herbaceous plant found throughout the West African region. The leaves of the plant are used in Senegal for treating whooping cough and to assuage the pain of scorpion sting in Nigeria. The methanol leaf extract of Croton lobatus (MLECL) was evaluated for possible analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in mice and rats. Phytochemical
screening and evaluation of median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract were carried out. Acetic acidinduced writhing test in mice and formalin-induced pain in rats were used to evaluate the analgesic activity using piroxicam and morphine as standard drugs, while the effect of the extract on acute inflammation was investigated using albumin-induced paw oedema in rats at 125, 250 and 500
mg/kg doses of the extract. The LD50 of the extract in mice was found to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, cyanogenic glycosides, resins, steroids and carbohydrates. The extract significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited acetic acid induced writhing in mice and significantly (p < 0.01) attenuated the neurogenic phase of formalin-induced pain in rats at the highest dose tested (500 mg/kg). The extract also produced a significant (p < 0.05) antiinflammatory activity at all the doses tested (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg). The results obtained in this study revealed that MLECL possesses significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities and supported the ethnomedicinal use of the plant in the management of pain and inflammatory conditions
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