In-vitro Cytotoxicity, Anti-bacterial and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ecklonia radiata and Jania verrucosa from Eastern Cape, South Africa
http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i1.6
Keywords:
Anti-cancer activity, Phytochemical, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-microbial, SeaweedsAbstract
Seaweeds are marine floras constituting in part to over 90% of the oceanic biomass. Despite the enrichments of seaweeds, their potentials are largely unexplored. Hence, this study evaluated the phytochemical screening, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activities of methanolic extracts of Ecklonia radiata and Jania verrucosa. E. radiata and J. verrucosa were collected from sites on the rocky shores of the Mbashe and Port St. John rivers on the Eastern Cape coast of South Africa during spring low tides. Qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out using standard protocol. The assessment of anti-inflammatory activity was done by inhibition of albumin denaturation assay and antimicrobial analysis was performed against six different pathogenic clinical isolates. The cytotoxicity effect of the methanolic extracts were further investigated on MDA-MB-231, HepG2, CaCo-2 and KMST-6 by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tetrazolium reduction assay (MTT assay). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, phenols, glycosides, and alkaloid for both extracts. The methanolic extracts of both seed weeds also possess anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting albumin denaturation. The average minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the plant
extracts ranged from 160-10000 µg/mL. J. verrucosa methanolic extract had the most significant biological activity with the lowest MIC value (160 µg/ml). The cytotoxicity result showed that cells treated with the methanolic extracts of E. radiata and J. verrucosa have more cytotoxicity effect on MDA-MB-231 treated cells followed by HepG2 and CaCo-2. Non-cancerous cell line (KMST-6) however showed some selectivity in their activities. Among the cancer cell lines, HepG2 treated cells were significantly suppressed (p < 0.05) with both extracts compared to 5µM camptothecin (standard drug). In conclusion, E. radiata and J. verrucosa have potential for chemoprevention of human breast, good anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities.
References
Perez AL. Current Approaches to the Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Active Compounds from Natural Products. Natural Products as Source of Molecules with Therapeutic Potential: Springer; 2018; 209-31.
Thomford NE, Senthebane DA, Rowe A, Munro D, Seele P, Maroyi A, Dzobo K. Natural products for drug discovery in the 21st century: innovations for novel drug discovery. International J Mol Sci. 2018 May 25;19(6):1578.
Torres FA, Zaccarim BR, de Lencastre Novaes LC, Jozala AF, Santos CA, Teixeira MF, Santos-Ebinuma VC. Natural colorants from filamentous fungi. Applied Micro and Biotech. 2016 Mar;100(6):2511-21.
Guaadaoui A, Benaicha S, Elmajdoub N, Bellaoui M, Hamal A. What is a bioactive compound? A combined definition for a preliminary consensus. Inter J Nutr and Food Sci. 2014; 3(3):174- 9.
Pereira L. Seaweeds as source of bioactive substances and skin care therapy—cosmeceuticals, algotheraphy, and thalassotherapy. Cosmetics. 2018; 5(4):68.
Ezzat SM, Bishbishy MHE, Habtemariam S, Salehi B, Sharifi-Rad M, Martins N, Sharifi-Rad J. Looking at marine-derived bioactive molecules as upcoming anti-diabetic agents: A special emphasis on PTP1B inhibitors. Molecules, 2018; 23(12),:3334.
Freitas AC, Rodrigues D, Rocha-Santos TA, Gomes AM, Duarte AC. Marine biotechnology advances towards applications in new functional foods. Biotechn Adv. 2012; 30(6):1506-15.
Nursid M, Dewi A, Maya D. Cytotoxicity of marine-derived fungi collected from Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science; 2020: IOP Publishing; 2020.
Lakshmi DS, Sankaranarayanan S, Gajaria TK, Li G, Kujawski W, Kujawa J, Navia R. A short review on the valorization of green seaweeds and ulvan: Feedstock for chemicals and biomaterials. Biomolecules. 2020; 10(7)z;991.
Purcell-Meyerink D, Packer MA, Wheeler TT, Hayes M. Aquaculture Production of the Brown Seaweeds Laminaria digitata and Macrocystis pyrifera: Applications in Food and Pharmaceuticals. Molecules 2021; 26(5):1306.
Pereira L. A review of the nutrient composition of selected edible seaweeds. Seaweed: Ecology, nutri compos and med uses. 2011; 15-47.
Uchida M and Miyoshi T. Algal fermentation—The seed for a new fermentation industry of foods and related products. Japan Agric Res Quarterly: JARQ 2013; 47(1):53-63.
Tanna B and Mishra A. Nutraceutical potential of seaweed polysaccharides: Structure, bioactivity, safety, and toxicity. Compreh rev in food sci and food safety. 2019; 18(3):817-31.
Chatterji A, Kassim Z, Hassan A, Therwath A, Shaharom F. Marine living resources in the practice of traditional medicine. J Coast Env. 2010; 1(1):41-52.
Wijesinghe W and Jeon Y-J. Biological activities and potential industrial applications of fucose rich sulfated polysaccharides and fucoidans isolated from brown seaweeds: A review. Carbohy Polymers. 2012; 88(1):13-20.
Woelkerling WJ, Harvey AS, Reviers Bd. Jania pedunculata (Rhodophyta: Corallinaceae): Typification, nomenclature, and taxonomic status relative to J. crassa, J. verrucosa sensu Johansen & Womersley, and J. ungulata. Taxon. 2015; 64(6):1280-93.
Okolie CL, Mason B, Critchley AT. Seaweeds as a Source of Proteins for Use in Pharmaceuticals and High‐Value Applications. Novel Proteins for Food, Pharmaceuticals and Agriculture: Sources, Applications and Advances: Wiley. Chapter: 11 (Edition: 1); 2018.
Sahoo D. Common seaweeds of India: IK International Pvt Ltd; 2010.
Rothman MD, Mattio L, Wernberg T, Anderson RJ, Uwai S, Mohring MB, Bolton JJ. A molecular investigation of the genus Ecklonia (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales) with special focus on the Southern Hemisphere. J Phycology. 2015; 51(2):.236-246.
Kogame K, Uwai S, Anderson R, Choi H-G, Bolton J. DNA barcoding of South African geniculate coralline red algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta). South Afri J Bot. 2017; 108:337-41.
Harborne J. Methods of plant analysis. Phytochemical methods: Springer; 1984; 1-36.
Banerjee S, Chanda A, Adhikari A, Das A, Biswas S. Evaluation of phytochemical screening and anti inflammatory activity of leaves and stem of Mikania scandens (L.) wild. Annals of Med and Health Sci Res. 2014; 4(4):532-6.
Dharmadeva S, Galgamuwa LS, Prasadinie C, Kumarasinghe N. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Ficus racemosa L. bark using albumin denaturation method. Ayu. 2018; 39(4):239-42.
Tsakris A, Poulou A, Bogaerts P, Dimitroulia E, Pournaras S, Glupczynski Y. Evaluation of a new phenotypic OXA-48 disk test for differentiation of OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 2015; 53(4):1245-51.
Dube P, Meyer S, Marnewick JL. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of different solvent extracts from fermented and green honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia) plant material. South Afri J Bot. 2017; 110:184-93.
NCCLS NCfCLS. (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards). In: Villanova P, editor. Order from NCCLA: 771 East Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA 19085; 2000.
Saibu M, Sagar S, Green I, Ameer F, Meyer M. Evaluating the Cytotoxic Effects of Novel Quinone Compounds. Anti-cancer res. 2014; 34(8):4077-86.
García-Poza, S., Leandro, A., Cotas, C., Cotas, J., Marques, J.C., Pereira, L. and Gonçalves, A.M., 2020. The evolution road of seaweed aquaculture: cultivation technologies and the industry 4.0. Int J Environ Res and Public Health, 17(18):6528.
Dharmananda S. The nutritional and medicinal value of seaweeds used in Chinese medicine: ITM Kolkata, India:; 2002.
Liu L, Heinrich M, Myers S, Dworjanyn SA. Towards a better understanding of medicinal uses of the brown seaweed Sargassum in Traditional Chinese Medicine: a phytochemical and pharmacological review. J Ethnopharm. 2012; 142(3):591-619.
Peñalver R, Lorenzo JM, Ros G, Amarowicz R, Pateiro M, Nieto G. Seaweeds as a Functional Ingredient for a Healthy Diet. Mar Drugs. 2020; 18(6):301.
Dockery GL and Crawford ME. Lower extremity soft tissue & cutaneous plastic surgery: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012.
Jafarzadeh S, Jafari SM, Salehabadi A, Nafchi AM, Uthaya US, Khalil HA. Biodegradable green packaging with antimicrobial functions based on the bioactive compounds from tropical plants and their by-products. Trends in Food Sci and Tech. 2020; 100:262-77.
Mohy El-Din SM and El-Ahwany AM. Bioactivity and phytochemical constituents of marine red seaweeds (Jania rubens, Corallina mediterranea and Pterocladia capillacea). J Taibah University for Sci. 2016; 10(4):471-84.
Rajesh KD, Vasantha S, Panneerselvam A, Rajesh NV, Jeyathilakan N. Phytochemical analysis, in vitro antioxidant potential and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry studies of Dicranopteris linearis. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2016; 9(2):1-6.
Rout S and Kumar A. A review on the potentiality of marine seaweeds as a medicinal source. World J Pharm and Pharmaceut sci. 2015; 4(10).
Lizcano LJ, Bakkali F, Ruiz-Larrea MB, Ruiz-Sanz JI. Antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of aqueous extracts from Colombian Amazonian plants with medicinal use. Food Chemistry 2010; 119(4):1566-70.
Del Rio D, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Spencer JP, Tognolini M, Borges G, Crozier A. Dietary (poly) phenolics in human health: structures, bioavailability, and evidence of protective effects against chronic diseases. Antiox & redox signaling. 2013; 18(14):1818-92.
Raiola A, Rigano MM, Calafiore R, Frusciante L, Barone A. Enhancing the health-promoting effects of tomato fruit for biofortified food. Mediators of inflamm. 2014. 2014(16).
Xu X-L, Yang L-J, Jiang J-G. Renal toxic ingredients and their toxicology from traditional Chinese medicine. Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology 2016; 12(2):149-59.
Wink M and Schimmer O. Molecular modes of action of defensive secondary metabolites. Ann Plant Rev online. 2018; 21-161.
Slaninová I, Pěnčíková K, Urbanová J, Slanina J, Táborská E. Antitumour activities of sanguinarine and related alkaloids. Phytochem rev. 2014; 13(1):51-68.
Gunathilake KDPP, Ranaweera KKDS, Rupasinghe HPV. In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Selected Green Leafy Vegetables. Biomedicines. 2018; 6(4):107.
Sostres C, Gargallo CJ, Arroyo MT, Lanas A. Adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, aspirin and coxibs) on upper gastrointestinal tract. Best pract & res Clin gastroenterol. 2010; 24(2):121-32.
Tshikalange TE and Lawal F. Elaeodendron transvaalense. Underexplored Medicinal Plants from Sub-Saharan Africa: Elsevier; 2020; 87-91.
Djeussi DE, Noumedem JA, Seukep JA, Fankam AG, Voukeng IK, Tankeo SB, Nkuete AH. Kuete V. Antibacterial activities of selected edible plants extracts against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2013; 13(1):1-8.
Kilit AC, Kose EO, Imir NG, Aydemir E. Anticancer and antimicrobial activities of diosmin. Genet. Mol. Res. 2021; 20 (1).
Sharma P, Kaur S, Chadha BS, Kaur R, Kaur M, Kaur S. Anticancer and antimicrobial potential of enterocin 12a from Enterococcus faecium. BMC Microbiol. 2021; 21(1):39.
Gao, Y., Shang, Q., Li, W., Guo, W., Stojadinovic, A., Mannion, C., Man, Y.G. and Chen, T., 2020. Antibiotics for cancer treatment: A double-edged sword. Journal of Cancer, 11(17):.5135.
Manikandan S, Ganesapandian S, Singh M, Sangeetha N, Kumaraguru A. Antimicrobial activity of seaweeds against multi drug resistant strains. Int J Pharmacol. 2011; 7(4):522-6.
Jiang Z and Xiong J. Induction of apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro by psoralen from Psoralea corylifolia. Cell biochem and biophy. 2014; 70(2):1075- 81.
Sanger G, Rarung LK, Wonggo D, Dotulong V, Damongilala LJ, Tallei TE. Cytotoxic activity of seaweeds from North Sulawesi marine waters against cervical cancer. J Appl Pharmaceut Sci. 2021; 11(09):066-73.
Guedes ÉA, Silva TGd, Aguiar JS, Barros LDd, Pinotti LM, Sant'Ana AE. Cytotoxic activity of marine algae against cancerous cells. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 2013; 23:668-73.
Canoy JL and Bitacura JG. Cytotoxicity and antiangiogenic activity of Turbinaria ornata Agardh and Padina australis Hauck ethanolic extracts. Analytical Cell Pathol. 2018; 2018.
Arunkumar K, Raja R, Kumar VBS, Joseph A, Shilpa T, Carvalho IS. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of sulfated polysaccharides from five different edible seaweeds. J Food Measurement and Characteriz. 2021; 15(1):567-76.
Ramos AA, Almeida T, Lima B, Rocha E. Cytotoxic activity of the seaweed compound fucosterol, alone and in combination with 5-fluorouracil, in colon cells using 2D and 3D culturing. J Toxicol and EnviroHealth, Part A. 2019; 82(9):537-49.
El-Kassas HY and El-Sheekh MM. Cytotoxic activity of biosynthesized gold nanoparticles with an extract of the red seaweed Corallina officinalis on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prevent. 2014; 15(10):4311-7.
Asong JA, Amoo SO, McGaw LJ, Nkadimeng SM, Aremu AO, Otang-Mbeng W. Antimicrobial activity, antioxidant potential, cytotoxicity and phytochemical profiling of four plants locally used against skin diseases. Plants 2019; 8(9):350.
Elisha IL, Jambalang AR, Botha FS, Buys EM, McGaw LJ, Eloff JN. Potency and selectivity indices of acetone leaf extracts of nine selected South African trees against six opportunistic Enterobacteriaceae isolates from commercial chicken eggs. BMC Complem and Alternative Med. 2017; 17(1):90.
Cho-Ngwa F, Abongwa M, Ngemenya MN, Nyongbela KD. Selective activity of extracts of Margaritaria discoidea and Homalium africanum on Onchocerca ochengi. BMC comple and alternative med. 2010; 10(1):62.
Kuete V. Potential of Cameroonian plants and derived products against microbial infections: a review. Planta Medica 2010; 76(14):1479-91
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
