Antioxidant Potential of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Leaf Ethanol Extract in HSC-3 Cancer Cell Line

Felicia Felicia¹, Komariah Komariah^2*, Indra Kusuma³

¹Undergraduate student, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia

²Department of Histology, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia

³Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yarsi University, Jakarta, Indonesia

Corresponding Author: [email protected]; Tel: +62 821-1116-3806

Recieved Date: 18 February 2022; Accepted Date: 04 April 2022; Published Date: 03 May

Citation: Felicia F, Komariah K, Kusuma I. Antioxidant Potential of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Leaf Ethanol Extract in HSC-3 Cancer Cell Line. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2022; 6(4): 520-528  http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i4.10

Copyright:

© 2022 Felicia et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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ABSTRACT

Oral cavity cancer is a common cancer that has a high mortality rate in humans. Owing to the high cost of the main anticancer drugs and the associated side effects, there has been ongoing research for alternative anti-cancer drugs derived from natural materials. Antioxidants are the molecules involved in scavenging reactive species, which can modify cell proliferation and apoptosis. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the antioxidant potential of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) leaf ethanol extract and its cytotoxic activity against the Human Squamous Cell-3 (HSC-3) cancer cell line. This in vitro study used the HSC-3 cell line, which was divided into the negative, vehicle, and positive controls, as well as a lemongrass leaf extract (25, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 µg/mL) treatment. The antioxidant activity assay employed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, while the cytotoxicity and proliferation assays were performed with the Cell Counting Kit-8. Migration of the HSC-3 cell line was evaluated with the scratch wound healing method. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of the lemongrass leaf ethanol extract was moderate, with an IC50 value of 103.65 ?g/mL. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity (anticancer) activity has an IC50 value of 73.69 ?g/mL, and there was decreased proliferation and migration in the HSC-3 cell line. The findings of this study indicate that natural antioxidants have anticancer potential because there is a strong correlation between antioxidant and anticancer activities in the HSC-3 cell line.