An Overview of the Phenolic Constituents and Pharmacological Properties of Extracts and Compounds from Lagerstroemia speciosa Leaves
Eric Wei Chiang Chan1*, Siu Kuin Wong2, Hung Tuck Chan3
1Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2Xiamen University Malaysia, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
3Secretariat of International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0129, Japan
Recieved Date: 10 March 2022; Accepted Date: 22 April 2022; Published Date: 03 May
Citation: Chan EWC, Wong SK, Chan HT. An Overview of the Phenolic Constituents and Pharmacological Properties of Extracts and Compounds from Lagerstroemia speciosa Leaves. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2022; 6(4): 470-479 http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i4.3
Copyright: © 2022 Chan et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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ABSTRACT
Lagerstroemia speciosa is a semi-deciduous tree bearing attractive pink or purple flowers with wrinkled petals and yellow stamens. It is a common ornamental tree planted along roadsides, and in gardens and parks. Major types of compounds isolated from L. speciosa leaves include ellagitannins, triterpenes, terpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids and sterols. Leaf extracts possess properties such as anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-hepatic steatosis, anti-ulcerative colitis, anti-cariogenic and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV). In this article, the phenolic constituents and pharmacological properties of extracts and bioactive compounds from Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves were reviewed. The phenolic compounds of L. speciosa leaves were compiled for the first time. Sources of information were from Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, J-Stage and PubChem. The criteria used for the selection of articles were based on topics rather than on the period of coverage, although recent references were accorded higher priority. Among the ellagitannins, lagerstroemin possesses anti-diabetic properties, valoneic acid dilactone displays potent inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase and ellagic acid inhibits the growth of HIV and human rhinoviruses (HRVs). Among the triterpenes, corosolic acid (CA) has anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective and osteoblast differentiation properties. In conclusion, the anti-diabetic properties of ellagitannins and CA, in comparison with gallotannins, are worthy of further studies. The development of anti-diabetic drugs from L. speciosa leaves presents promising prospects for commercialization following clinical trials. Other topics worthy of further research include the toxicity, pharmacokinetics and metabolism of L. speciosa. The bioactivity of compounds and their structure-activity relationships need more in-depth studies.