Phytochemical Screening, Total Flavonoid and Phenolic Contents, and Antioxidant Activities of Thai Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Extracts
Article Sidebar
Views | PDF/EPUB Downloads:
222
/ 209
/ 15
Main Article Content
Abstract
Mangifera indica L. (mango) is widely recognized for its rich and diverse bioactive compounds, with potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications in health, food, and cosmetics. Research interest in this plant has increased significantly due to its diverse chemical constituents and bioactivities. This study aims to investigate the phytochemical profiles, total flavonoid and phenolic contents, and antioxidant activities of Thai M. indica L. extracts from shoots, leaves, and flowers using ethanol, methanol, and water as solvents. The results showed that ethanol consistently produced the highest extraction yield among all crude extracts, with yields of 12.33%, 6.89%, and 9.00% for ES, EL, and EF, respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, and alkaloids across all extracts. The total flavonoid content was highest in the ethanol shoot (ES) crude extract (48.96 ± 3.08 mg QE/g), whereas the total phenolic content peaked in the ethanol flower (EF) crude extract (62.28 ± 1.77 mg GAE/g). The methanol flower (MF) crude extract exhibited the strongest DPPH antioxidant activity (SC50 1.4 ± 0.3 μg/mL). The methanol leaf (ML) crude extract displayed the highest ABTS antioxidant activity (5.64 ± 0.13 mM TE/g). The MF crude extract showed the greatest FRAP antioxidant activity (0.190 ± 0.007 mg AE/g). These findings highlight the potential of M. indica L. as a valuable source of natural antioxidants and phytochemicals for further exploration in health-related applications.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
1. Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacognosy Rev. 2010; 4(8): 118-126.u
2. Balasundram N, Sundram K, Samman S. Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: Antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food Chem. 2006; 99(1): 191-203.
3. Maharaj A, Naidoo Y, Dewir YH, Rihan H. Phytochemical screening, and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Mangifera indica L. leaves. Horticulturae. 2022; 8(10): 909.
4. Maldonado-Celis ME, Yahia EM, Bedoya R, Landázuri P, Loango N, Aguillón J, Restrepo B, Guerrero Ospina JC. Chemical composition of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit: Nutritional and phytochemical compounds. Front Plant Sci. 2019; 10: 1073.
5. Abbasi AM, Liu F, Guo X, Fu X, Li T, Liu RH. Phytochemical composition, cellular antioxidant capacity, and antiproliferative activity in mango (Mangifera indica L.) pulp and peel. Int J Food Sci Technol. 2017; 52(3): 817-826.
6. Ronchi SN, Brasil GA, Nascimento AM, Lima EM, Scherer R, Costa HB, Romão W, Ronchi SN, Brasil GA, Nascimento AM, Lima EM, Scherer R, Costa HB, Romão W, Boëchat GA, Lenz D, Fronza M, Bissoli NS, Endringer DC, Andrade TU. Phytochemical and in vitro and in vivo biological
investigation on the antihypertensive activity of mango leaves (Mangifera indica L.). Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis. 2015; 9(5): 244-256.
7. Helen PAM, Aswathy MR, Deepthi KG, Rathi MR, Joseph JJ, Sree SJ. Phytochemical analysis and anticancer activity of leaf extract of Mangifera indica (Kotttukonam Varika). Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2013; 4(2): 819.
8. Sultana B, Hussain Z, Asif M, Munir A. Investigation on the antioxidant activity of leaves, peels, stems bark, and kernel of mango (Mangifera indica L.). J Food Sci. 2012; 77(8)
9. Kamble VA, Somkuwar DO, Wankhade SJ. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antisalmonella activity of Mangifera indica L. flower and seed kernel extracts. Int Curr. Pharm J. 2016; 5(10): 82-93.
10. Lenucci MS, Tornese R, Mita G, Durante M. Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities in different fractions of mango fruits (Mangifera indica L., cultivar Tommy Atkins and Keitt). Antioxidants. 2022; 11(3): 484.
11. Noiwan D, Suppakul P, Joomwong A, Uthaibutra J, Rachtanapun P. Kinetics of Mango Fruits (Mangifera indica cv. ‘Nam Dok Mai Si Thong’) Quality Changes during Storage at Various Temperatures. J Agric Sci. 2017; 9(6): 199-212.
12. Ndoye SF, Fraisse D, Akendengué B, Dioum MD, Gueye RS, Sall C, Seck I, Felgines C, Seck M, Senejoux F. Antioxidant and antiglycation properties of two mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars from Senegal. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2018; 8(3): 137-141.
13. Parvez GM. Pharmacological activities of mango (Mangifera indica): A review. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2016; 5(3): 1-7.
14. Barreto JC, Trevisan MT, Hull WE, Erben G, de Brito ES, Pfundstein B, Würtele G, Spiegelhalder B, Owen RW. Characterization and quantification of polyphenolic compounds in bark, kernel, leaves, and peel of mango (Mangifera indica L.). J Agric Food Chem. 2008; 56(14):
5599-5610.
15. Ornelas-Paz JDJ, Yahia EM, Gardea AA. Changes in external and internal color during postharvest ripening of mango fruit. LWT Food Sci Technol. 2008; 41(5): 1065-1071.
16. Do QD, Angkawijaya AE, Tran-Nguyen PL, Huynh LH, Soetaredjo FE, Ismadji S, Ju YH. Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Limnophila aromatica. J Food Drug Anal. 2014; 22(3): 296-302.
17. Gul R, Jan SU, Faridullah S, Sherani S, Jahan N. Preliminary phytochemical screening, quantitative analysis of flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of indigenous medicinal plants. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2017; 7(4): 347-354.
18. Tiranakwit T, Puangpun W, Tamprasit K, Wichai N, Siriamornpun S, Srisongkram T, Weerapreeyakul N. Phytochemical screening on phenolic, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities of six indigenous plants used in traditional Thai medicine. Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(17): 13425.
19. Duong TH, Tran TM, To PM, Phan NHN, Nguyen TP, Le HT, Sichaem J. Potential antioxidant compounds from the spores of Dicranopteris linearis and the branches of Averrhoa bilimbi. Antioxidants. 2024; 13(11): 1319.
20. Labiad M, Harhar H, Ghanimi A, Tabyaoui M. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Moroccan Thymus satureioïdes extracts. J Mater Environ Sci. 2017; 8: 2132-2139.
21. Benzie IFF, Strain JJ. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: The FRAP assay. Anal Biochem. 1996; 239: 70-76.
22. Maisuthisakul P. Antioxidant potential and phenolic constituents of mango seed kernel from various extraction methods. Agric Nat Resour. 2009; 43(5): 290-297.
23. Lee JE, Jayakody JTM, Kim JI, Jeong JW, Choi KM, Kim TS, Seo C, Azimi I, Hyun J, Ryu B. The influence of solvent choice on the extraction of bioactive compounds from Asteraceae: A comparative review. Foods 2024; 13(19): 3151.
24. Lim KJA, Cabajar AA, Lobarbio CFY, Taboada EB, Lacks DJ. Extraction of bioactive compounds from mango (Mangifera indica L. var. Carabao) seed kernel with ethanol–water binary solvent systems. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 56(5): 2536–2544.
25. Zheng W, Wang SY. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in selected herbs. J Agric Food Chem 2001; 49(11): 5165-5170.
26. Odion EE, Falodun A, Adelusi SA. Total flavonoid, total phenolic, and antioxidant potential of root bark extract and fractions of Cola rostrata (Sterculiaceae) K. Schum. J Sci Tech. 2013; 1(2): 38-42.
27. Okolie NP, Falodun A, Oluseyi D. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of root extract of pepper fruit (Dennetia tripetala), and its potential for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2014; 11(3): 221-227. doi:10.4314/ajtcam.v11i3.31.
28. Tolambiya P, Jagetiya BL, Mathur S. Estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in Catharanthus roseus L. (Alba) plant extract. Biol Forum Int J 2023; 15(2): 1101-1106.
29. Ngozi P, Okolie, Falodun A, Oluseyi D. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of root extract of pepper fruit (Dennetia tripetala), and its potential for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2014; 11(3): 221-227.
30. Venugopalan P, Revathy KT. Antioxidant activity of Cassia fistula flower extracts. J Pharm Appl Chem 2016; 2(2): 30- 33.
31. Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice- Evans C. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 26(9-10): 1231-1237.
32. Prior RL, Wu X, Schaich K. Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53(10): 4290-4302.
33. Thaipong K, Boonprakob U, Crosby K, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Byrne DH. Comparison of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays for estimating antioxidant activity from guava fruit extracts. J Food Compos Anal 2006; 19(6-7): 669-675.
34. Egharevba E, Chukwuemeke-Nwani P, Eboh U, Okoye E, Bolanle IO, Oseghale IO, Ewaen Egharevba, Patience Chukwuemeke-Nwani, Uche Eboh, Esther Okoye. Antioxidant and hypoglycaemic potentials of the leaf extracts of Stachytarphyta jamaicensis (Verbenaceae). Trop J Nat Prod Res 2019; 3(5): 170-174.