Phytochemical Profiling, GC-MS Analysis, and Antioxidant Activity of Polar Solvent Extracts of Conoclinium coelestinum Leaves

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Published: 2025-07-01
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v9i6.58
Keywords:
Conoclinium coelestinum, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Phytochemicals, Antioxidant

Main Article Content

Othuke B. Odeghe
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
Divine A. Onobrudu
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
Osuvwe C. Orororo
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
Success Ikoya
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
Jacinta E. Apitikori-Owumi
Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
Egoamaka O. Egbune
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
Bartholomew C. Nwogueze
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
Evelyn T. Ojugbeli
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
Oluwaseun E. Agboola
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Ejiro P. Awhin
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
Lisa I. Ekakitie
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
Michael O. Oviri
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Michael and Cecilia Ibru University, Delta State, Nigeria
Ifeanyi H. Ofoke
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria
Cyril C. Dunkwu
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
Kingsley C. Enyi
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
Vanessa A. Derhie
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
Precious O. Isaac
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
,Joseph C. Mordi
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
Adebayo O. Adegoke
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria

Abstract

The importance of medicinal plants as source of potent drugs for therapeutic purposes is currently of global interest to researchers. Phytochemicals are compounds from plants used for prevention and treatment of health disorders. Antioxidants are molecules that inhibit free radicals. This research aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile, and antioxidant activity of polar solvent extracts of Conoclinium coelestinum leaves. The pulverized leaves was extracted with methanol, ethanol, and water using Soxhlet apparatus. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was done using chemical methods and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, lipid peroxidation, H₂O₂, nitric oxide, and superoxide radical scavenging assays. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids in all three solvent extracts. GC-MS analysis identified twenty-seven (27) bioactive compounds, with hexadecanoic acid ethy lester (8.89%), 2(3H)-furanone, dihydro-5-pentyl (6.52%), and butanal oxime (5.18%) as the major compounds. Of all the three extracts, the methanol extract significantly (p < 0.05) demonstrated exceptional antioxidant activity, achieving 94.15% DPPH inhibition at 400 µg/mL (IC50 = 95.65 µg/mL) and FRAP activity of 81.12% (IC50 = 100.90 µg/mL). The methanol extract also demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity, H₂O₂, superoxide, and nitric oxide scavenging activities, with percentage inhibition of 64.07%, 76.12%, 90.12%, and 60.07%, respectively at 400 µg/mL, highlighting its capacity to neutralize reactive oxygen species and protect against oxidative damage. These findings affirm C. coelestinum as a potential source of natural antioxidants, supported by its rich bioactive compounds profile.

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Article Details

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 6 (2025): Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research (TJNPR)

Section

Articles
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Odeghe, O. B., Onobrudu, D. A., Orororo, O. C., Ikoya, S., Apitikori-Owumi, J. E., Egbune, E. O., Nwogueze, B. C., Ojugbeli, E. T., Agboola, O. E., Awhin, E. P., Ekakitie, L. I., Oviri, M. O., Ofoke, I. H., Dunkwu, C. C., Enyi, K. C., Derhie, V. A., Isaac, P. O., Mordi, ,Joseph C., & Adegoke, A. O. (2025). Phytochemical Profiling, GC-MS Analysis, and Antioxidant Activity of Polar Solvent Extracts of Conoclinium coelestinum Leaves. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research (TJNPR), 9(6), 2784-2794. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v9i6.58

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