GC-MS analysis, iron-chelating, total flavonoid, total phenolic, and antioxidant activities of ethanol extract from kwini mango (Mangifera odorata Griff) in central Java province

Abstract

The leaves Mangifera odorata Griff exhibit pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, ironchelating, analgesic, and antibacterial . These effects are attributed to active compounds such as mangiferin and phenolic acids. Standardizing the extract Mangifera odorata Griff leaves is essential to ensure consistent therapeutic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the GC-MS profile, iron-chelation ability based on ferritin reduction test animals' blood, total flavonoid, phenolic content, antioxidant activity ethanol extract Mangifera odorata Griff leaves. extract was prepared using the maceration technique. The extract contained 108.99 ± 0.8321 mgQE/g of total flavonoids and 9.718 ± 0.0319 mgGAE/g of total phenolics. GC-MS analysis identified 103 potential compounds in the ethanol extract, including three bioactive polar compounds: 1, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22-Tetracosahexae, Isophytol, and 3, 7, 11, 15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecanoic acid, along with Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl ester, and 8-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester. Phytol was the predominant compound, known for its iron-chelating properties. The antioxidant assay showed an IC50 of 45.92 ppm for the ethanol extract, compared to gallic acid’s IC50 of 25.20 ppm, indicating notable antioxidant activity. Additionally, the extract at a dose of 200 mg per 200 g body weight effectively reduced ferritin levels in the blood of test animals, highlighting its potential as an iron chelating agent both in vitro and in vivo.