Safety Test of Morinda citrifolia Linn on Renal Function

Abstract

Morinda citrifolia Linn has been widely used as an immunostimulant, but its safety profile remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential nephrotoxic effects of Morinda citrifolia Linn extract by analysing creatinine levels, clearance, kidney function, and histology. Ethanol extract of Morinda citrifolia Linn was administered to four groups: a control group (0.5% Na-CMC) and three treatment groups receiving doses of 500, 1000, and 3000 mg/kg for 7, 14, and 21 days. Observed parameters included 24-hour urine volume, urine creatinine, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and kidney function percentage. The results showed that extract doses of 500, 1000, and 3000 mg/kg significantly decreased creatinine clearance levels (p<0.05). A reduction below the normal range was observed in the 3000 mg/kg group after 21 days, indicating potential kidney damage. Histological analysis revealed the highest damage score (2.6, minimal- to-moderate damage) in the 3000 mg/kg group at 21 days. Kidney organ ratios also decreased
significantly, influenced by dose and duration (p<0.05). The Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) showed significant differences between the 3000 mg/kg group and the 500 and 1000 mg/kg groups, as well as among durations of administration (p<0.05). In conclusion, prolonged administration of Morinda citrifolia Linn extract at a dose of 3000 mg/kg for 21 days may cause damage to the kidneys, as evidenced by reduced creatinine clearance, altered kidney organ ratios, and histological damage.