Antibacterial Potentiation Activities of Newbouldia laevis Against Some Members of ESKAPE Pathogens Isolated from Hospital Environments
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Abstract
The continued resistance of pathogens to a wide range of antibiotics has necessitated the search for herbal alternatives. This research investigates the antibacterial potential and antibiotic potentiation activity of Newbouldia laevis on some members of ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp). Three stock ‘ESKAPE’ organisms isolated from hospital environment were tested for multidrug resistance using standard procedure. Leaves of Newbouldia laevis were extracted with methanol using standard method. Antibacterial activity of different concentrations of the methanol plant extracts was carried out using agar well diffusion method. Antibiotic potentiation activity of the extract was tested by comparing the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the antibiotics with the fractions of MICs of both antibiotics and extracts. Fractional inhibition concentration was measured as ratio of the two MICs while the strength of the synergism was measured using combination index (CI). Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). There were reductions in the MICs of the antibiotics: ceftriaxone, erythromycin, ceftazidime, cefuroxime and ampicillin across all the isolates. The reductions in the MICs varied among the organisms and the antibiotics with ceftazidine showing lowest MIC to P. aeruginosa. However, significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the MICs was achieved only in ceftazidine and erythromycin at a combination ratio of 50:50. Combination index values were less than 0.1, signifying strong synergism between the extract and the antibiotics. Newbouldia laevis potentiates the activities of these antibiotics against the bacterial species. The potentiations were however MIC-dependent.
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