Moringa oleifera Seed Oil Nanoemulsion Using Tween 80 and Polyethylene Glycol 400: Oil Characterization and Formula Optimization

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Published: Apr 30, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v9i4.59
Keywords:
Simplex lattice design, Moringa oleifera seed oil, Tween 80, PEG 400, Nanoemulsion

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Mutmainah
Doctoral Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Akhmad K. Nugroho
Department of Pharmaceutic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia  
Triana Hertiani
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
Adhyatmika
Department of Pharmaceutic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.

Abstract

Moringa oleifera is a useful plant known for its antialopecia properties. Nanoemulsions have been proven effective as a carrier for the delivery of lipophilic compounds in Moringa oleifera seed oil to increase the permeation of active ingredients. This study aimed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of Moringa oleifera seed oil and identify its composition using GCMS, optimize the formulation of a nanoemulsion containing Moringa oleifera seed oil, using Tween 80 as a surfactant and PEG 400 as a co-surfactant. The optimal formulation was determined using Design-Expert through the simplex lattice design approach. A total of 14 formulations were tested for particle size response, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. The results showed that Moringa oleifera seed oil contained 12 fatty acids, with oleic acid as the most abundant (71.52%), followed by palmitic (8.05%), stearic (5.99%), behenic (5.31%), and arachidic acid (2.97%).The acid value, peroxide, density, saponification, refractive index, and moisture content of the oil were 0.46 mg KOH/g oil, 6.28 meq O2/kg oil, 0.915 grams/cm3, 253.5 mg KOH/g oil, as well as 1.4668 and 0.12% w/w, respectively. The optimal formulation obtained consisted of 6.401% Moringa oleifera seed oil, 36% Tween 80, and 18.599% PEG 400. Evaluation of the optimal formula showed particle size response value was 237.06 nm, PDI 0.467, zeta potential -20.89 mV, transmittance value 97.7%, spherical shape in observations using TEM. Nanoemulsion containing high quality of Moringa oleifera seed oil was able to be formulated, which may serve as a promising dosage form for hair growth treatments.

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How to Cite
Mutmainah, Nugroho, A. K., Hertiani, T., & Adhyatmika. (2025). Moringa oleifera Seed Oil Nanoemulsion Using Tween 80 and Polyethylene Glycol 400: Oil Characterization and Formula Optimization. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research (TJNPR), 9(4), 1843 – 1852. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v9i4.59
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Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research (TJNPR)
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Articles
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Author Biography

Mutmainah, Doctoral Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Faculty of Pharmacy, Semarang College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Stifar Yayasan Pharmasi Semarang), Letnan Jendral Sarwo Edie Wibowo, Semarang, 50192, Indonesia

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