Combined Administration of Allium sativum Bulbs and Justicia carnea Leaves Hydroethanol Extracts Exacerbated Cadmium Chloride-Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity
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Abstract
Human exposure to cadmium chloride has been listed as a risk factor for hepatic and end-stage renal diseases in less developed countries. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of hydroethanolic extracts of Justicia carnea and Allium sativum in cadmium-induced hepato-renal damage. Thirty Wistar rats weighing between 150 and 250 g were randomly assigned to 5 groups (A–E). Rats in group A received distilled water and diet only. Animals in group B-E were exposed to 35 mg/kg of cadmium chloride. Rats in group C and D received 150 mg/kg body weight of Allium sativum and Justicia carnea, respectively, while group E received 35 mg/kg body weight of cadmium, 450 mg/kg of Allium sativum and 450 mg/kg of Justicia carnea combined in a single dose. Cadmium intoxication lasted for 14 days, followed by 14 days of treatment with extracts. The rats were sacrificed under anaesthesia, organs harvested, weighed, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed using Histokinette (LEICA TP 1020). Tissue sections were cut at 5µm and stained with the haematoxylin and eosin method for microscopy. Cadmium chloride caused a reduction in weight, while extracts caused a gain in body weight of the rats across the groups when compared with control. Allium sativum and Justicia carnea, when administered separately, exhibited hepatorenal protection, but their combination exacerbated cadmium-induced hepatorenal damage. The combination of Allium sativum and Justicia carnea could not abate cadmium-induced hepatorenal toxicity in an animal model.
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