Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaves on the Expression of NFκβ, E-Selectin, and Superoxide Dismutase in the Placental of Preeclamptic Mouse Model
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related disorder characterized by hypertension and organ damage. Natural compounds like Moringa oleifera (MO) have gained attention for their therapeutic potential due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Biomarkers of preeclampsia, including Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκβ), E-selectin, and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), play a role in understanding the effect of MO on preeclampsia. The study aimed to determine the effect of MO on these biomarkers, with a view to improving preeclampsia symptoms. This study used a controlled post-test experiment on mice administered anti QA-2 injection to induce preeclampsia. The mice were divided into five groups: negative control (C-), positive control (C+), and treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3), which received MO extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW/day, respectively, for 16 days via oral gavage. The expression of NFκβ, E-selectin, and SOD were examined by immunohistochemical analysis. Results showed that NFκβ expression was reduced by Moringa oleifera (400 mg/kg BW/day) with the lowest level at 27 ± 4%. E-selectin expression was lowest in the T3 group with expression level of 23 ± 1%, while SOD expression was significantly increased by MO, with the highest expression levels (31 ± 6%) shown in the 200 mg/kg group (T3). The findings from this study have shown that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Moringa oleifera may be attributed to its ability to modulate specific biomarkers as evidenced by the decreased expression of NFκβ and E-Selectin, and an increased expression of SOD in preeclamptic mouse model.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
1. Mergiaw K, Mengesha Y, Tolessa T, Makonnen E, Genet S, Abebe A, Gebreyesus K, Tadele A, Debella A, Ashencho D. Effects of Thymus schimperi and Moringa stenopetala Leaf Extracts on Lipid Peroxidation and Total Antioxidant Status in Pre-eclampsia Rat Models. J Complement Altern Med Res. 2020; 10(2):1–7.
2. Batmomolin A, Ahsan A, Wiyasa I, Santoso S. Ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves improve inflammation, angiogenesis, and blood pressure in rat model of preeclampsia. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2020; 10(8):52–57.
3. Espinoza J, Vidaeff A, Pettker C, Simhan H. ACOG Practice Bulletin Clinical Management Guidelines for Obstetrician-Gynecologists. 2020; 138(6):e260-e238
4. Bukowska P, Bralewska M, Pietrucha T, Sakowicz A. Nutraceuticals as Modulators of Molecular Placental Pathways: Their Potential to Prevent and Support the Treatment of Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(22):12167.
5. Sugulle M, Fiskå B, Jacobsen D, Fjeldstad H, Staff A. Placental Senescence and the Two-Stage Model of Preeclampsia. Am J reprod Immunol. 2025; 92(1):e13904.
6. Irwanto E, Darwin E, Donel S, Tjong D. Concentrations of Soluble FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 and Placental Growth Factor Vary between Early-and Late-onset Preeclampsia. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2022; 6(3):299–302.
7. Torres-Torres J, Espino-y-Sosa S, Martinez-Portilla R, Borboa-Olivares H, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Acevedo-Gallegos S. A Narrative Review on the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia. Int J Mol. 2024; 25(14):7569.
8. Socha MW, Malinowski B, Puk O, Wartęga M, Stankiewicz M, Kazdepka-Ziemińska A, Wiciński M. The Role of NF-κB in Uterine Spiral Arteries Remodeling, Insight into the Cornerstone of Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22(2):704. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/704/htm
9. Mistry H, Ogalde M, Broughton P, Escher G, Kurlak L. Maternal, Fetal, and Placental Selectins in Women with Pre-eclampsia; Association with the Renin-Angiotensin-System. Front Med. (Lausanne) 2020; 7:270.
10. Palalioglu R and Erbiyik H. Evaluation of maternal serum SERPINC1, E-selectin, P-selectin, RBP4 and PP13 levels in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia. J.Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 2025; 36(1):2183472.
11. Shehu C, Ekele B, Suleman B, Panti A, Eze U, Burodo A. A Comparative Study of Oxidative Stress in Preeclampsia and Normal Pregnancy. BJOG. 2020; 3(4):127-133.
12. García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, De Leon-Oliva D, Boaru D, Garcia-Puente L, De León-Luis J. Exploring the Role of Mediterranean and Westernized Diets and Their Main Nutrients in the Modulation of Oxidative Stress in the Placenta: A Narrative Review. Antioxidants. 2023;
12(11):1918
13. Fattah A, Khowailed A, Gaber S. Correlation between Serum Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers with Blood Pressure in Preeclampsia. Malay J Med Res. 2021; 32(2):54-66
14. Rusminingsih E, Susanto H, Afifah D, Martien R, Subagyo H. Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera Nanoparticles (Self Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System) on Insulin Resistance in the Prediabetes Rattus norvegicus Model. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2023; 7(11):5059–5066.
15. Iskandar B, Novita G, Annisa F, Leny, Hafiz I, Surboyo M. Evaluation of Physical Quality and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera LAM) Formulated in Emulgel Preparation. Res J Pharm Technol. 2022; 15(6):2703–2708.
16. Marino M, Del B, Tucci M, Klimis-Zacas D, Riso P, Porrini M. Modulation of Adhesion Process, E-Selectin and VEGF Production by Anthocyanins and Their Metabolites in an In Vitro Model of Atherosclerosis. Nutrients. 2020; 12(3):655.
17. Kornacki J, Gutaj P, Kalantarova A, Sibiak R, Jankowski M, Wender-Ozegowska E. Endothelial Dysfunction in Pregnancy Complications. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(12):1756.
18. Peterson J, Smith T, Rock E, Magnani J, Peterson J, Smith T. Selectins in Biology and Human Disease: Opportunity in E-selectin Antagonism. Cureus. 2024; 16(6):e61996.