RUNX2 and ALP Expression on the Femur of Rats (Rattus norvegicus) after Implantation of Polymethylmethacrylate-Hydroxyapatite (PMMA-HA) Material
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Abstract
Modification of implant material can affect osseointegration between the implant surface and bone. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) material has potential as an implant material, but has drawbacks such as exothermic properties and the formation of fibrous capsule tissue after implantation. PMMA must be combined with active ingredients like hydroxyapatite (HA) due to its osteoconductive properties. HA can be obtained from animals (xenograft), and from limestone (Alloplast). The presence of osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) indicates the development of new bone tissue following the implantation of a substance. The present study aimed to determine the effects of PMMA-HA obtained from bovine bone following Good Manufacturing Practice (PMMA-HA GMP) and that obtained from limestone through processing at Balai Besar Keramik (PMMA-HA BBK) on the expression of RUNX2 and ALP. PMMA and HA were mixed in a 83.8:16.2 ratio. Wistar rats were divided into six groups (K7, K14, BBK7, BBK14, GMP7, and GMP14) and PMMA-HA GMP or PMMA-HA BBK was implanted into their femurs. Type-1 collagen was used as the control (K). After 7 and 14 days of implantation, the rats were sacrificed, their femurs were collected and processed for immunohistochemical examination. The PMMA-HA BBK and PMMA-HA GMP treatment groups showed notable increase in the expressions of RUNX2 and ALP after implantation for 7 and 14 days compared to the control groups (K7 and K14). Therefore, PMMA-HA BBK and PMMA-HA GMP implants can increase the expression of osteogenic markers RUNX2 and ALP over 7 and 14 days.
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