Effectiveness of Juwet Fruit (Syzygium cumini) in Lowering C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Rheumatoid Factor (RF), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis-Induced Wistar Rats
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder marked by joint inflammation, pain, and tissue damage. Conventional treatments often show limited efficacy and may cause side effects, prompting interest in natural remedies. Syzygium cumini (juwet fruit) contains anthocyanins with known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may benefit RA management. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ethyl acetate fraction of juwet fruit in lowering inflammatory markers: C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), and malondialdehyde (MDA), in a pristane-induced RA model in Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were induced with RA using pristane and then treated with juwet fruit extract at doses up to 1.848 mol/kg. Post-treatment, serum levels of CRP, RF, and MDA were measured, and data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Treatment with juwet fruit extract significantly reduced MDA levels, with the greatest effect observed at 400 mg/kg (p<0.05). CRP levels showed a marked decrease at all doses, especially at 800 mg/kg (p<0.05). RF levels were significantly reduced at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses (p<0.05) compared to controls. No toxicity was detected, confirming the safety of the administered doses. The ethyl acetate fraction of Syzygium cumini demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by reducing CRP, RF, and MDA levels in the RA model. These findings highlight its potential as a complementary therapy for RA, meriting further clinical research.
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