Combating Hypertension with the Dual Power of Oleic and Alpha-Linolenic Acids in Lipopolysaccharide–Induced Hypertensive Male Wistar Rats
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Abstract
Hypertension, a persistent blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg, is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases and a public health concern. Consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) has been linked to anti-inflammatory characteristics and a rise in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Therefore, this study examined the combined impact of oleic and alpha-linoleic acids post-treatment on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced hypertension in Wistar rats. Forty-two male Wistar rats were used in the study (n=7 per group): control (normal saline), negative control (LPS, 0.001 µg/kg), LPS + oleic + alpha-linoleic acid, oleic + alpha-linoleic acid (10 mg/kg), oleic acid (10 mg/kg) only, and alpha-linoleic acid (10 mg/kg) only. After induction of hypertension with LPS, the rats received treatment orally for three (3) weeks. Hypertension was measured using a CONTEC 08A VET sphygmomanometer via the tail vein. Colourimetric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques were used to determine the biochemical parameters. The results showed that the oleic and alpha-linoleic acids increased plasma endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels, reduced blood pressure, plasma IL-6, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, angiotensin II, induced nitric oxide, troponin T, and kidney uric acid levels compared to the LPS group. This study suggests that the combination of oleic and alpha-linoleic acids has a synergistic effect in reducing LPS-induced hypertension in Wistar rats by lowering blood pressure, plasma inflammatory markers, kidney uric acid levels, and by increasing plasma eNOS levels.
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