Ethnopharmacological Study of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Diabetes and Arterial Hypertension in the Laayoune Sakia El Hamra Region (Southern Morocco)
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Abstract
In recent years. herbal medicine has experienced a renaissance worldwide. particularly in Morocco. where phytotherapy is at the heart of traditional medicine practice. This study aimed to compile an inventory of plant species used in traditional medicine to treat hypertension and diabetes in the Laayoune Sakia El Hamra Region of Southern Morocco. The survey was conducted using semi-structured questionnaires. A total of 380 interviews were conducted with herbalists and traditional healers. and diabetic and hypertensive patients. Data were analyzed using the relative frequency of citation (RFC). The study identified 81 plant species from 39 families used for the treatment of diabetes and hypertension. The most frequently cited plants for diabetes treatment included Coriandrum sativum. Lepidium sativum. Trigonella foenum-graecum. and Artemisia herba-alba. while Allium sativum. Ammodaucus leucotrichus. Acacia rhadiana. and Olea europaea were most commonly used for treating hypertension. The plant families with the highest representation were Apiaceae. Asteraceae. Fabaceae. and Lamiaceae. The most frequently used plant parts were the leaves (30.87%). aerial parts (20.99%). and the seeds (14.84%). In the Sahara region. the most common method of preparing remedies based on aromatic and medicinal plants was decoction (37%). followed by powder (22%) and infusion (18%). The oral route was used in 98% of applications. The study highlighted the rich ethnobotanical knowledge in this Saharan region and its potential for developing new therapeutic agent(s). Therefore. there is the need to preserve this traditional knowledge and conduct further pharmacological and phytochemical investigations on the identified plants.
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